Art in America - Abstract Expressionism Research Paper

Art in America - Abstract Expressionism - Research Paper Example The paper "Art in America - Abstract Expressionism" investigates the important style of American style, abstract expressionism. The movement was unregistered but strong. Some of its members included: Jackson Pollock (1912–1956), Willem de Kooning (1904–1997), Franz Kline (1910–1962), Lee Krasner (1908–1984), Robert Motherwell (1915–1991), William Baziotes (1912–1963), Mark Rothko (1903–1970), Barnett Newman (1905–1970), Adolph Gottlieb (1903–1974), Richard Pousette-Dart (1916–1992), Clyfford Still (1904–1980). All these members were committed to the audacious formal inventions in searching for significant substance. Their objective was to break away from normal subject matter and technical conventions. Their artistic works included head stoned scales works that were created to reflect their personal psyches. Doing this helped them to tap into worldwide inner sources. These artists attributed a lot of importa nce to spontaneity and improvisation as process accorded the highest significance. Their works resisted stylistic classifications, but emphasised on dynamism and energetic gesture rather than reflective and cerebral focus on color. Abstracts acted primarily as their imageries. Highly abstracted modern art was favored by the group even when depicting images founded on visual realities. Abstract expressionism is not a specific style within abstract art, but an American group or artists rebelled and formed an independent group which would give them a favorable environment.

Bilbo Baggins in “The Hobbit” Essay Example for Free

Bilbo Baggins in â€Å"The Hobbit† Essay Firstly, it is necessary to outline that Bilbo Baggins is the protagonist and title character of â€Å"The Hobbit†. He is the most important figure in the novel, because his emotions, feelings and actions shape the plot of the story. Bilbo’s appearance is rather original and even funny as he is only half the size of a man. In the beginning of the novel Bilbo appears to be comfortable and complacent like most hobbits. For example, he likes drink, food and security as well as he has his snug little hole at Bag End, Underhill. However, starting from the chapter 5, when Gandalf â€Å"enlists Bilbo’s help in Thorin’s quest for the treasure under the mountain†, Bilbo gradually changes, develops and transforms from a cautious homebody to a confident and brave hero. With novel progression, Baggins displays inner cunning, strength and, certainly, he becomes the dominant force which holds the group of hapless dwarves together. Bilbo gains their respect, because he saves them from the goblins by shouting for Gandalf and then he helps them to defeat the spider and wood elves in Mirkwood. He is respected for finding the way into the mountain and leading dwarfs to the desired treasure. Furthermore, Bilbo discovers the weak spot of Smaug and tries to thwart Thorin’s greed. Simply saying, Bilbo wants to bring peace to the feuding dwarves, elves, and humans. Chapter 8 is the turning point in hero’s development, because Bilbo kills the spider and feels like â€Å"a different person†. Further, despite dwarfs’ stubbornness and inability to make proper decisions, Bilbo develops his newfound qualities of initiative, courage, and heroism. It is necessary to underline that when other participants of the journey become corrupted with greediness, Baggins tries to maintain common sense and courage. Throughout the novel, Bilbo discovers new capabilities unknown to him earlier. Moreover, he doesn’t become arrogant and follows his principles and values. Bilbo learns how to thrive and how to draw strength from the simple source trying to stay true to himself all along. References Tolkien, J. , Gardner, P. (ed. ) Phllips, B. (ed. ). (2002). The Hobbit. New York, NY: Spark Pub.

Exploring the Debate Surrounding The Investment of Solar Energy Develop

As part of the Kyoto Protocol international efforts to combat climate change have seen signatory nations commit to limit and reduce greenhouse gas emissions through a variety of mechanisms (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2008). The Australian government as part of its commitment to the Kyoto Protocol implemented the Renewable Energy Target (RET) scheme that would see a minimum 20 per cent of Australia’s electricity supply being delivered through renewable sources by the year 2020 (Australian Government: Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency 2012). In developing a renewable energy strategy a range of issues arise concerning the feasibility, reliability and policy in implementing solar as a source of renewable energy. Instead of examining the technical specifications of current solar technology efficiency this essay aims instead to provide a general overview to the current levels of investment by government in the Australian solar industry and explore the debate involved with the implementation of solar power as part of Australia’s energy landscape. Due to the world’s abundant supply of solar energy there is an additional recognition by developed countries that solar has tremendous potential in resolving the global dilemma of increasing energy consumption and climate change. Solar energy has obvious advantages compared to other energies in part to it having minimal environmental and ecological hazards associated with its production (Solangi, Islam, Saidur, Rahim, et al. 2011). Solar energy technologies have shown the highest growth in clean energy finance and investment, increasing 44 per cent to $128 billion in 2011 (The Pew Charitable Trusts 2012, p. 3). Recent price drops in solar module pric... ...direct.com/science/article/pii/S1364032111000220 [Accessed May 19, 2012]. The Pew Charitable Trusts 2012. Who’s Winning the Clean Energy Race? Report 2011 Edition. Available at: http://www.pewenvironment.org/uploadedFiles/PEG/Publications/Report/FINAL_forweb_WhoIsWinningTheCleanEnergyRace-REPORT-2012.pdf [Accessed May 19, 2012]. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2008. Mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol. Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Available at: http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/mechanisms/items/1673.php [Accessed April 30, 2012]. Wright, J. 2009. The contribution of renewables in Australia’s future energy mix. Australian Academy of Science. Public Lecture Series: Australia’s Renewable Energy Future. Available at: http://science.org.au/events/publiclectures/re/wright.html [Accessed May 20, 2012].

The Ministers Black Veil Essays -- Literature, Hawthorne

In Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Minister's Black Veil," Mr. Hooper, a Reverend in the town of Milford, surprises his parishioners by donning a conspicuous black veil one Sunday. The town is visibly spooked, yet still curious, about his eerie appearance and profoundly affected by his sermon on secret sin. "A subtle power was breathed into his words. Each member of the congregation, the most innocent girl, and the man of hardened breast, felt as if the preacher had crept upon them, behind his awful veil, and discovered their hoarded iniquity of deed or thought" (2432). The parishioner's expect that Hooper will only don the veil for one day and then remove it, having used the visage to make his point on secret sin, but they are taken aback to find that he does not remove the veil after that sunday, but in fact, ultimately wears it until his death. The town begins to gossip about why the Parson wears the crepe, questioning his purity and straying away from his person. When the Parson's i ntended, Elizabeth, asks him to do away with his foolishness and remove the veil, he sadly refuses, and Elizabeth reluctantly leaves him. The story concludes as the Parson dies, isolated by his choice to wear the veil with only the dying and the dead taking comfort in his presence, proclaiming that on each face he sees a black veil. In "The Minister's Black Veil," Nathaniel Hawthorne seeks to showcase the flaws of a society in which its members wear and create false facades by illustrating how it separates and alienates the individual from society, peers, reality, and spirituality. In The Minister's Black Veil, Parson Hooper uses his black veil as a way to represent an individual verses their hidden sin. He sees each member of his community as havi... ...o despise the veil are warranted in their dislike, because it is unnatural, shocking, and sudden. For them to react any other way would be odd. All but Elizabeth fail to ask him to remove the veil as well as the deeper meaning behind it. Sow could they expect him to yield to demands they themselves never voiced? Perhaps if the veil bothered his parishioners so greatly, they would have become more proactive in revealing their secret sins and thus relieved the Parson of his burden. Neither side is per say 'right', but it is important to note that the Parson acted out of desire to help the parishioners while the parishioners didn't truly act at all. Works Cited Lauter, Paul, Richard Yarborough, and John Alberti. "The Minister's Black Veil." The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Vol. B. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Pub., 2009. 2431-439. Print.

Bill Gates: the Man Behind the Success of Microsoft

William Henry â€Å"Bill† Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate, investor, philanthropist, and author. Gates is the former CEO and current chairman of Microsoft, the software company he founded with Paul Allen. He is consistently ranked among the world's wealthiest people and was the wealthiest overall from 1995 to 2009, excluding 2008, when he was ranked third, in 2011 he was the wealthiest American and the second wealthiest person. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of CEO and chief software architect, and remains the largest individual shareholder, with 6. percent of the common stock. He has also authored or co-authored several books. Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution. Gates has been criticized for his business tactics, which have been considered anti-competitive, an opinion which has in some cases been upheld by the courts. In the later stages of his career, Gates has pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors, donating large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, established in 2000. Gates stepped down as chief executive officer of Microsoft in January 2000. He remained as chairman and created the position of chief software architect. In June 2006, Gates announced that he would be transitioning from full-time work at Microsoft to part-time work, and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. He gradually transferred his duties to Ray Ozzie, chief software architect, and Craig Mundie, chief research and strategy officer. Gates' last full-time day at Microsoft was June 27, 2008. He remains at Microsoft as non-executive chairman

buy custom Stem Cell Research Should be Allowed to Give Room to Scientists to Perform More Research essay

buy custom Stem Cell Research Should be Allowed to Give Room to Scientists to Perform More Research essay Stem cells can be obtained either from the embryo or an adult. These cells are then nurture in the laboratory by scientists for various usages because of their ability to differentiate into different cells and tissue replenishment tendencies (Monroe, Miller. Tobias, 2008). Moreover, stem cells whether adult or embryonic are first unspecialized and can replenish themselves through cell division and secondly, can easily germinate into specific organs and tissues under certain physiological or experimental process. Based on the adverse scientific knowledge on cell physiology, stem cell characteristics and continued need for scientists to offer solution on various challenges affecting humanity, stem cell research should be allowed for research firms as it has the opportunity to cure many prolonged diseases, helps researchers to develop stronger human body, and discover new medical treatments. It sounds as a relief to a multitude of patients all over the world suffering from many disease s and conditions. For a very long time, scientists have carried out research on biological issues. One of the new developments in such studies is the invention of new biology in 1970s (Panno, 2004). This process entailed the use of biotechnology to study the cell. Ideally it could be cited that prior to biotechnology, scientists new very little about the cell structure and function (Panno, 2004). With insights on the cell, more research and enquiries in cell technology became relevant to scientists thereby giving rise to animal cloning, stem cell and gene therapy. This marked the genesis of stem cell research that has found usage in various avenues irrespective of controversies surrounding it. Stem cell research should be allowed for research firms as it has the opportunity to cure many prolonged diseases. Such research is meant to improve peoples lives byfinding treatment for a wide range of diseases especially those resulting from failure of human body cells function (Panno, 2004). Presently, many people are suffering from chronic diseases which have resulted to lose of hope. However, scientific research shows that over 100 million persons which chronic diseases can benefits from therapies that are based on stem cell (Monroe, Miller. Tobias, 2008). Some of the diseases where stem cells have been applied include cancer, diabetes cerebral palsy and others. In addition stem cell therapies that utilize bone marrow and umbilical cord have successfully been utilized to treat blood disorders and human immune system (Dick, 2009). Secondly, the human body is continuously undergoing the process of tear and wear of different cells thereby calling for continued replenish (Dick, 2009) Stem cell research should be promoted because it is only through this research that scientists will get an opportunity to develop new cells, tissues, or organs that can be used to replenish cells that would otherwise be dead thereby enhancing development of stronger human body. For instance, scientists anticipate that stem cells research will offer treatment to injured tissues and organs, replace on insulin producing cells. Not only will the treatment develop human bodies, but also the research will help to improve livestock and other aspects of human life (Panno, 2004). Stem cell research should be promoted in scientific research because it will lead to discovery of new medical treatments. So far there are varied proofs of stem cell research treatments. Among the diseases where stem cell research has been applied is in the treatment of diabetes, brain diseases like Parkinsons, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer and other therapeutic diseases (Panno, 2004). Based on such success, it iis evident that scientists will still engage in stem cell research with a mission to search and discover other possible functions of stem. This will definitely unearth some treatment that are still hidden and eventually restore the smile of good health to humanity Despite numerous successes in the usage of stem cell research, the process has been surrounded by opposition from all walks of life; religious, moral, ethical and also political views. It is largely believed that using embryonic stem cell research is tantamount to killing a life to save another persons life. That is, embryonic stem cells come from the embryo which is believed to be an unborn child. According to Ho (2008), it is wrong to destroy human life for any reason. This is because embryos are human and that means human beings are used as medication for other humans. The embryonic stem cell research has been long debated politically and socially to involve the destruction of human embryo (Frankel, 2000). Whereas stem cell research has been supported by many bodies as a means of allowing scientists to conduct research and offer solutions to various acute disease and problems surrounding humanity, the controversies surrounding the practices is something that cannot be ignored. Ethical moral, religious and some other bodies opposed to the practice arguments holds much water because every human being developed out of the clumps of primordial cells; stem cells. However, those opposed to the practice argue that stems cells have not attained the human capacity and can therefore be used to save lives. Actually, there is sense in all the two cases and therefore there needs to be a balance on stem cell research especially on how the cells are acquired so as to eliminate the feeling of guilt and moral injustice to both the donor and the either the embryo or the adult stem cell. Buy custom Stem Cell Research Should be Allowed to Give Room to Scientists to Perform More Research essay

Reengineering Management essays

Reengineering Management essays Reengineering Management (RM) is a great book written by James Champy. Other than the one published before, which was Reengineering the Corporation, this books directed to all managers in all levels. It is about changing managerial work, the way we should think, organize, inspire, deploy, measure and reward the value-adding operational work. This book is a following one for reengineering the Corporation written by Michael Hammer and James Champy. Youve redesigned your companys processes, organization, and culture. Now, how do you manage it? Champy examines the successes and failures of reengineering, and cites the failure of management to change as the greatest threat to the success of reengineering. Champy attempts to develop a subject that was not given adequate attention in Reengineering the Corporation. Managers must change how they work if they are to realize the full benefits of reengineering. Champy begins with the impact of reengineering on managers. Managers must create change, big change and fast. According to Champy, managers most fear the loss of control. Modern managers do not command or manipulate, but share information and educate. They must replace old ways of thinking with new ideals and expectations associated with letting go. These include replacing perfectionist thinking with experimental thinking, and "getting it right" credos with "making it better and better" credos. Managers must have faith in human beings to do the right thing. The authority of the organization chart is giving way to the ability to do a job better for the customer. Customer needs, not internal values, should guide the manager's performance. Reengineering changes everything. Managers cannot successfully support a reengineering effort unless they too change. And they need to change in the areas of purpose, culture, processes, and people. But what does that mean? Champy tries to answer this...

Meaningful Life Lessons We Learn From Teachers at School

Meaningful Life Lessons We Learn From Teachers at School Teachers spend a lot of time with their students throughout the course of the year. They are influential by nature and often take advantage of opportunities to teach life lessons when they present themselves. Life lessons taught by teachers have made a lasting impact on many students. In many cases, sharing these life lessons can have a far greater impact than teaching standard based content. Teachers often use both direct and indirect opportunities to incorporate life lessons. Directly, there are natural components of schooling that lead to learning life lessons. Indirectly, teachers often take advantage of what they refer to as teachable moments to expand topics or to discuss aspects of life that are brought up by students during class. 20. You Will Be Held Accountable for Your Actions Student discipline is a major component in any classroom or school. There is a certain set of rules or expectations by which everyone is expected to follow. Choosing not to adhere to them will result in disciplinary action. Rules and expectations exist in all facets of life, and there are always consequences when we push the limits of those rules. 19. Hard Work Pays Off Those who work the hardest typically achieve the most. Teachers understand that some students are more naturally gifted than others, but even the most gifted student will not achieve much if they are lazy. It is nearly impossible to be successful at anything if you are not willing to work hard. 18. You Are Special This is a core message that every teacher should drive home to every student. We all have our unique talents and qualities that make us special. Too many children feel inadequate and unimportant. We should strive to ensure that all students believe that they matter. 17. Make the Most of Each Opportunity Opportunities present themselves on a regular basis throughout our lives. How we choose to respond to those opportunities can make all the difference in the world. Learning is a significant opportunity for children across this country. It is essential for teachers to convey the message to students that each day presents a new opportunity to learn something new. 16. Organization Matters A lack of organization can lead to chaos. Students who are organized have a much greater chance of being successful later on in life. This is a skill that begins early on. One way that teachers can drive home the importance of organization is to hold students accountable for how their desk and/or locker looks on a regular basis. 15. Pave Your Own Path Ultimately, every person determines his or her future through decision making over a long period of time. It is easy for experienced adults to look back and see exactly how we paved the path that led us to where we are today. This is an abstract concept for students and teachers should spend time discussing how our decisions and work ethic at even a young age can shape our future. 14. You Cannot Control Who Your Parents Are Parents have the largest influence on any child. In some cases, this influence may be negative in nature. However, most parents want the best for their children although they may not know how to give it to them. It is vital that teachers let their students know that they have the capability to control their own future, making different decisions than their parents, which can lead to a better life. 13. Remain True to Yourself Ultimately it does not matter what others think about you. Making a decision based on what someone else wants almost always turns out to be the wrong decision. Teachers must convey the message of believing in you, trusting your instincts, setting goals, and reaching those goals without personal compromise. 12. You Can Make a Difference We are all potential change agents, meaning we have the potential to make differences in the lives of those around us. Teachers demonstrate this directly on a daily basis. They are there to make a difference in the lives of the children they are charged to teach. They can teach students how they can make a difference by incorporating different projects such as a canned food drive, cancer fundraiser, or another community project. 11. Remain Trustworthy Being trustworthy means that those around you believe that you will tell the truth, keep secrets (so long as they do not put others in danger), and will carry out tasks that you have promised to do. Teachers drive home the concepts of honesty and loyalty on a daily basis. It is a core part of any classroom rules or expectations. 10. Structure Is Critical Some students will initially reject a structured classroom, but ultimately they will come to enjoy it and even crave it when it is not there. A structured classroom is a safe classroom where teaching and learning are maximized. Providing students with a structured learning environment can show students that having structure in their life is a positive aspect that they need more of. 9. You Have the Greatest Control of Your Destiny Many people believe that their destiny is dictated by the situation in which they inherited by birth. Nothing could be further from the truth. Every person controls his own destiny once they reach a certain age. Teachers fight this misconception all the time. For example, many students believe that they cannot go to college because their parents did not go to college. This is a cycle that schools work hard to break. 8. Mistakes Provide Valuable Learning Opportunities The greatest lessons in life result because of failures and it is the lessons learned from those mistakes that help make us whom we become. Teachers teach this life lesson on a daily basis. No student is perfect. They make mistakes, and it is a teachers job to ensure that their students understand what the mistake was, how to fix it, and to give them strategies to ensure that those mistakes are not repeated. 7. Respect Has to Be Given to Be Received Good teachers lead by example. They give their students respect knowing that the majority of the students will, in turn, give them respect back. Teachers often have students who come from backgrounds where little respect is expected or given in the home. School may be the only place where respect is given and expected to be given back. 6. Differences Should Be Embraced Bullying is one of the largest problems in schools today often resulting because of perceived differences that make some students an easy target based on how they look or act. The world is full of unique and different people. These differences, no matter what they are, should be embraced and accepted. Many schools now incorporate learning opportunities into their daily lessons to teach kids how to respect individual differences. 5. There Are Aspects of Life That Are Beyond Our Control The process of school is one big lesson on this. Many students, especially older ones, do not want to go to school but go because they are required by law. Once they get there, they are learning lessons created by a teacher with little to no student ownership. These lessons are being taught because of state-directed standards. Life is no different. There are many aspects of our life with which we have little control. 4. Bad Decisions Lead to Serious Consequences Not every poor decision will lead to a bad consequence, but some of them will. You may get away with something once or twice, but you will eventually be caught. Decision making is a critical life lesson. Students should be taught to think each decision through, never make a decision in haste, and be prepared to live with the consequences associated with that decision. 3. Good Decisions Lead to Prosperity Making smart decisions is critical to individual success. A series of poor decisions can quickly lead to a road of failure. Making a good decision does not necessarily mean it is the easiest decision. In some cases, it is going to be the harder decision. Students must be rewarded, recognized, and praised for good decision making as often as possible. Teachers can help make good decision making a habit that will follow students throughout their life. 2. Working Together Cooperatively Benefits Everyone Teamwork is a valuable skill taught in schools. Schools often provide the first opportunities for children to work together with other children who may be different. Working cooperatively is imperative to both  team and individual success. Students must be taught that each individual part working together makes the team successful. However, if one part quits or does not perform adequately, everyone fails. 1. You Can Become Anything It is clichà ©, but it is also a valuable lesson that teachers must never stop teaching. As adults, we know that it is nearly impossible to break a generational rut. However, we should never give up hope that we can reach students and help them break a cycle that has held other family members back for many generations. It is our basic duty to provide hope and belief that they can achieve and become anything.

Pro Gay Marriage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pro Gay Marriage - Research Paper Example Recognition of gay marriage will pave the way to truly equal and accepting society where all people share the same freedoms and get the opportunity to love, be loved and create a family regardless of their sexual orientation. All arguments against gay marriage are ideological in their nature and they can be easily disapproved. According to Kellard, gay marriage does not threaten the institution of tradition marriage because not all traditional marriages are based on love. Many couples decide to marry in order to get money, social benefits or the access to healthcare. The rate of divorces in the USA tends to climb high and, obviously, it is not an indicator of a solid traditional marriage. Despite common beliefs that gay marriages are harmful for children, they serve as a better alternative to families where children have only one loving parent. Conservative religious beliefs does not apply to those who do not share them so it is not fare to take away freedom of love and religion from those who are granted to have it constitutionally (Kellard). Overall, there is no reason to think about gay marriage is something harmful and threatening; it is just a union of people who want to live together as a family. Objections to same-sex marriages are usually expressed by extremely conservative people who reinterpret information and even lie in order to present the issue in negative light and persuade Americans that they will ruin everything by supporting gay marriage. For instance, Dana Loesch, who is a well-recognized columnist, often writes about lawsuits filed by gay couples against certain organization in different states. In her articles gay couples sue with people who deny taking photos of their wedding, baking a wedding cake or renting a pavilion for their marriage (cited in Lampo). However, according to Lampo, all these cases have nothing to

TD 1 MGT- 412 Discrimination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

TD 1 MGT- 412 Discrimination - Essay Example In their article, ‘Unseen Injustice: Incivility as a Modern Discrimination in Organizations’ had described discrimination as an evil that has tagged the society in every aspect. Lilia draws a picture to help readers understand the whole process of discrimination and the many phases in which it occurs. The aspect of discrimination is portrayed in this context to be caused by poor development in the social perceptions of the modern world. In this regard, Baron & Banaji, (2006) illustrates workplace discrimination by equating it to incomplete development on the immediate environment as well as the larger society. Lilia (2008) observations are in line with the policy guidelines put forward by EEOC in various aspects. However, differences also exist in the factors addressed in the two articles. Even though the two articles, Lilia’s and EEOC, are in agreement that discrimination is an unnecessary evil that should not manifest in the current society and especially at the workplaces where the civilized groups are represented, Lilia’s addresses discrimination in general with no specific mention of its various forms of occurrence. On the other hand the EEOC guidelines give specific guidelines on the necessary conduct of every individual at the workplace with an aim of curtailing different forms of discrimination. Unlike Lilia’s address, the EEOC guidelines puts in place policy regulations that are to be followed in workplaces in order to curtail discrimination in its various forms (Baron & Banaji, 2006). Such include: discrimination based on differences in nationality, race, gender, religion, political affiliations among others. Suitable and all encompassing measures have been put in place by the EEOC to help protect various individuals from discrimination. Discrimination within organizations is a phenomenon occurrence that has deteriorated the performance and free will rendering of services in various organizations. Several publications have

The current business environment is characterised by the importance of Essay

The current business environment is characterised by the importance of the investor and the drive for shareholder value - Essay Example When we talk about 'The current business environment is characterised by the importance of the investor and the drive for shareholder value' we will be talking in the perspective of Business and accounting managers. Henry Mitzberg, the Cleghorn professor of Management Studies, Mcgill University, started the debate by putting the blame on the students of Business Schools. He states that the 'Shareholder value is an antisocial dogma that has no place in a democratic societyIt breeds a society of exploitationsit is bad for business (Mitzberg, 2004, p 154). He alleges that the students of business schools get the impression that the organisations' share price is the only performance measure worth worrying about. Dr. Nick Tiratsoo of Nottingham University Business School has published a paper 'Mitzberg, shareholder value, and the business school: who has a case to answer' where he, tries to explore Mitzberg's argument about shareholder value and the business schools. He states, 'The conclusion offered that Mitzberg has substantially overstated his case, and thus clouded rather clarified a necessary debate about how business schools are to evolve in the future'. A corporation is essentially defined in terms of its legal status and the ownership of assets. Corporations are typically regarded as artificial persons in the eyes of the law. Corporations are notionally owned by shareholders. Managers and Directors have a fiduciary responsibility to protect the interests of the shareholders. It was Milton Freedman, who in his classic article 'The Social responsibility of business is to increase its profit vigorously' argued against the notion of social responsibilities of corporations. He professed that only the human beings have the moral responsibility for their actions. Its managers' responsibility to act solely in the interest of the shareholders. Social issues and problems are the proper province of the state rather than corporate managers. Freedman defines, 'A stakeholder in an organization is . Any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievements of the organizations' objectives.' Shareholder Value as defined by Value Based Management.net 'the definition of shareholder value is the value of the company minus the Future claims (debts). The value of the company can be calculated as the Net Present Value of all Future cash flows plus the value of the non operating assets of the company'. There is a great debate on the importance of Stakeholders Value over Shareholders Value. The Shareholder Value perspective emphasizes on Profitability over Responsibility. It relates the success of an organization by its share price, dividends and economic profit. The Stakeholders perspective on the other hand emphasizes on Responsibility over Profitability. It suggests that an organizations success should be measured by the satisfaction of its stakeholders i.e. customers, employees, society in general and also its shareholders. Sir Brian Pitman, senior Advisor, Morgan Stanley on his speech

The New Deal, a Socialist Program That Saved Capitalism Essay

The New Deal, a Socialist Program That Saved Capitalism - Essay Example President Roosevelt (FDR) in conjunction with other supporters of the New Deal within the government looking for effective methods to renovate the country’s economic well-being considered two options. One, they could create programs from the bottom-up by creating federally funded jobs and issuing widespread welfare benefits therefore forming social contracts with the working class including labor unions and racial minorities or two, they could provide businesses the unregulated freedom to correct the market via expansion which, theoretically, would creating additional jobs, put money in people’s pockets and stimulate the economy. This is a fundamental economic debate that continues to this day. Contrary to prevailing historic perceptions, the nation was not moving towards socialism. The New Deal actually symbolized the capitalist cultural structure. Its policies continued the separation between what was deemed the ‘worthy’ poor, typically widows and their c hildren and what were considered the ‘unworthy’ poor, which meant almost everyone else, who were ignored. The First New Deal (1933 to1934) unquestionably slanted governmental policies in the direction of large corporations.   The policies of the Second New Deal, beginning in 1935, appeared to be less pro-‘big business,’ but in practice continued to sustain the idea of top-down (trickle-down) economic growth.   Later during this second stage of reform, the federal government began to focus on stronger regulations on business and antitrust enforcement but ultimately, large corporations maintained influence on critical decisions involving production, pricing and investment capital. Additionally, the government assisted business by restricting competition much to the disappointment of â€Å"New Dealers† in Washington. â€Å"Rather than attempt to regulate businesses, New Deal advocates wanted to greatly increase the size and control of the governmen t so that it could act as a counterbalance to private sector industries† (Yantek, 2003). When FDR took office; the government was comparatively simple in construction with functions principally limited to administrative necessities. After his reign, government had been changed into a multifaceted organization. Opponents then as well as now contend his administration began the era of an obtrusive federal government, controlling business operations and impeding on people’s civil liberties. â€Å"It is no exaggeration to say that he took the government when it was a small racket and made a large racket out of it† (Higgs, 1998). FDR, as he repeatedly argued, restored hopefulness to the people of American following their deep descent into misery resulting from the Great Depression and that his New Deal policies â€Å"saved capitalism.† Harry Truman attempted to complete the FDR’s concept of the New Deal by implementing the ‘Fair Deal’ follow ing World War Two. It is often referred to as the â€Å"Third New Deal.† (Yantek, 2003) The primary mission of FDR’s New Deal program was to save the American version of capitalism. He was continually attempting to convince business leaders of this commitment to this mission while soliciting their support. He told industrialists who was against his policies that the New Deal was essential for the ‘farsighted conservative.’

Adoption of New Technology Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Adoption of New Technology Systems - Essay Example In this study, their effective application in promoting adoption of a new Electronic Health Records System, EHR, at a nursing institution will be discussed. It is the role of the nurse leaders to ensure that the EHR system being introduced is fully understood by the nurses, and also make it known why it is a necessary innovation (Mooney & Boyle, 2011). In this case, for instance, it would be effective to explain to the nurses that the government, through its Health Information Technology for economic and Clinical Health Act is offering professionals in the healthcare context 44,000$ over five years if they successfully demonstrate the use of EHR systems. Additionally, failure to meet this will see the Medicare reimbursements reduced by 1% annually. In this way, the nurses will understand that the EHR systems are more of a regulation with benefits in the healthcare context. In facilitating less resistance and higher chances of adoption of the EHR systems, it would be wise to apply the Roger’s theory of diffusion of innovations. Its first element is relative advantage. Relative advantage is simply the level to which an innovation is better, in a measurable way than the concept, it is replacing (Rogers, 2003). In short, the leader should highlight the benefits of the EHR systems. One of them is that unlike traditional methods of recording patient information, they store all information about a patient in one place. This includes treatment history, immunization dates, laboratory tests, and radiology images. This makes the task of tracing patient information simpler for the nurse. Again, EHR systems are bound to cut costs for both patients and providers. This is because their digital nature requires less storage space, faster retrieval, and easier transfer (Bates, 2010). The second element in Roger’s theory is

The New Deal, a Socialist Program That Saved Capitalism Essay

The New Deal, a Socialist Program That Saved Capitalism - Essay Example President Roosevelt (FDR) in conjunction with other supporters of the New Deal within the government looking for effective methods to renovate the country’s economic well-being considered two options. One, they could create programs from the bottom-up by creating federally funded jobs and issuing widespread welfare benefits therefore forming social contracts with the working class including labor unions and racial minorities or two, they could provide businesses the unregulated freedom to correct the market via expansion which, theoretically, would creating additional jobs, put money in people’s pockets and stimulate the economy. This is a fundamental economic debate that continues to this day. Contrary to prevailing historic perceptions, the nation was not moving towards socialism. The New Deal actually symbolized the capitalist cultural structure. Its policies continued the separation between what was deemed the ‘worthy’ poor, typically widows and their c hildren and what were considered the ‘unworthy’ poor, which meant almost everyone else, who were ignored. The First New Deal (1933 to1934) unquestionably slanted governmental policies in the direction of large corporations.   The policies of the Second New Deal, beginning in 1935, appeared to be less pro-‘big business,’ but in practice continued to sustain the idea of top-down (trickle-down) economic growth.   Later during this second stage of reform, the federal government began to focus on stronger regulations on business and antitrust enforcement but ultimately, large corporations maintained influence on critical decisions involving production, pricing and investment capital. Additionally, the government assisted business by restricting competition much to the disappointment of â€Å"New Dealers† in Washington. â€Å"Rather than attempt to regulate businesses, New Deal advocates wanted to greatly increase the size and control of the governmen t so that it could act as a counterbalance to private sector industries† (Yantek, 2003). When FDR took office; the government was comparatively simple in construction with functions principally limited to administrative necessities. After his reign, government had been changed into a multifaceted organization. Opponents then as well as now contend his administration began the era of an obtrusive federal government, controlling business operations and impeding on people’s civil liberties. â€Å"It is no exaggeration to say that he took the government when it was a small racket and made a large racket out of it† (Higgs, 1998). FDR, as he repeatedly argued, restored hopefulness to the people of American following their deep descent into misery resulting from the Great Depression and that his New Deal policies â€Å"saved capitalism.† Harry Truman attempted to complete the FDR’s concept of the New Deal by implementing the ‘Fair Deal’ follow ing World War Two. It is often referred to as the â€Å"Third New Deal.† (Yantek, 2003) The primary mission of FDR’s New Deal program was to save the American version of capitalism. He was continually attempting to convince business leaders of this commitment to this mission while soliciting their support. He told industrialists who was against his policies that the New Deal was essential for the ‘farsighted conservative.’

Delegation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Delegation - Essay Example Knowledge and competence are criteria that allow decisions to be made at the appropriate level. This means that all members of staff must accept responsibility for achieving high-quality management and not leave that responsibility to the senior management team or middle managers. Healthcare organizations start to apply this concept into practice seeing it as a high level of specialist practice and competitive advantage in healthcare services. Today, a special attention is given to proper function of medical staff and empowerment which helps to improve efficiency of medical practices and introduce technological innovation more rapidly and effectively. Delegation is one of the most important management functions which help a person to handle a task over to another person. At the beginning of the 21st century, healthcare needs nurses able to cope with changing environment, technological challenges and culturally diverse clients. If nurses are able to exhibit strategic leadership that achieves a long-term focus, promotes development and application of core competences, emphasizes the development of human capital, develops an effective culture, and achieves strategic control simultaneously with the allowance of autonomy, restructuring efforts are more like to be successful. Delegation of responsibilities allows nurses to improve their performance and effectively manage daily tasks. Delegation is a skill o... It can be used either as an excuse for dumping failure onto the shoulders of subordinates, or as a dynamic tool for motivating and training your team to realize their full potential". A nursing position and role in healthcare has defined responsibilities or functions, together with the authority to carry them out. Nurses tend to have responsibilities for more work than they can possibly execute themselves. Another definition of delegation can be successfully applied to nursing profession: "delegation is the universally required ability to maintain responsibility yet relinquish authority" (The New Oxford American Dictionary 2001, p. 38). Most managers agree that decisions ought to be delegated to the lowest possible level where they can be made intelligently and where the relevant facts and required judgment are available. Often, in practice, they violate this rule by micromanaging or just telling their subordinates what to do. Or they make the mistake of dumping the decision without enough guidance or taking it back and doing it themselves. All of these mistakes have negative consequences (Blair, n.d.). The personality type of both the boss and the subordinate can have a profound effect on whether effective delegation takes place. Intuitive types may not explain all the details or responsibilities to the subordinate because they believe they have given a broad enough picture. Introverts may not fully communicate all the necessary information they have; their delegation will be patchy and inconsistent. Extroverts may wander with their thoughts and not be concise in their communications (Gulanick and Myers, 2006). Using these definitions, it is evident that delegation in nursing can be defined as the process when nurses give subordinates (usually

Why Did Stalin Come to Power and Not Trotsky Essay Example for Free

Why Did Stalin Come to Power and Not Trotsky Essay Stalin’s race to become the all mighty ruler fully started after Lenin died of a stroke on the 21st of January 1924. With Lenin gone, Stalin started to eliminate the other members of the Communist Party: Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Rykov, Tomsky and Bukharin. He very cleverly switched between the left wing and the right wing, by making alliances with one wing the suddenly breaking with them, only to join the other wing, going against everything that they had just achieved. Stalin knocked out all other party members along the way even those who were considered to be his friend. His violent childhood, misguided early life and the death of his first wife caused him to lose all sense of emotion turning him into a vicious competitor in the Communist Party. Trotsky was one of Stalin’s major competitors for the title of all ruling leader, however even he could not stop this man of steel, a name that Stalin quite fittingly gave to himself as he joined the party. One of the main reasons as to why Stalin came to power and not Trotsky, was that Trotsky did not attend Lenin’s funeral. This was due to the fact that Trotsky himself was sick and so he took a rest holiday in Sukhumi in the south of Russia. Stalin told Trotsky the wrong date for the funeral, so he thought he would not be able to make it back in time. However really Trotsky could have made it to the funeral but Stalin used this against him. He made Trotsky look like he had committed a cardinal sin, disrespecting Lenin’s death. Stalin made it look as if Trotsky was sun bathing in Sukhumi and could not be bothered to come to the funeral. This accusation seriously damaged Trotsky’s political reputation and was ultimately the beginning of Trotsky’s down fall. With Trotsky not at the funeral, Stalin was able to proclaim himself Lenin’s disciple saying he would carry on ruling for the sake of their once great leader. One of the ways Stalin paid his â€Å" respects† to Lenin was one of his Political policies. â€Å"Pay your respects to our once great leader by voting for Stalin†. The people started to vote for Stalin in their masses, thinking that they were respecting Lenin but really they were giving Stalin a massive advantage over his political rivals. Because Trotsky missed Lenins funeral it caused all sorts of problems for Trotsky in the future. He was thought to be insecure. He came across as being unable to stand up for himself in a political fight, he preferred to sort things out in writing. Another apparent insecurity of Trotsky’s was that he was a Jew and was very conscious of this. Of course Stalin took advantage of this and joined forces with Zinoviev and Kamenev to stop Trotsky becoming a major competitor in the race to the Commissar of the USSR. With the combined force of Stalin, Zinoviev and Kamenev’s voters, Trotsky was easily out voted. As well as out voting Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev also questioned his loyalty to the Communist Party, raising his opposition to Lenin. This caused Trotsky to then retaliate by bringing up the lessons of October. The lesson of October happened in 1924, Lenin encouraged it but Zinoviev and Kamenev opposed it With three of them occupied arguing Stalin could advance further in the party without much trouble. With Trotsky’s insecurities, he became arrogant and high minded in order to protect himself, so as a result people did not like him. It was said that he was able to match Lenin in his intellect of the Marxist theories; however this made him appear to think himself superior. With the party thinking that he was arrogant, he was not like in the party at all, even though he was very good with the masses. In the end though the population started to see his arrogance and thought too highly of himself, this caused them to stop voting for him. Trotsky was also considered an outsider to the party, because he joined the party in 1917, this was because Trotsky joined the Communist party when he was young and he already wanted respect, which the older party members did not like . One of the only people in the party that did like Trotsky was Lenin who stated in his testament that not only was he distinguished by his outstanding abilities, but also that he was the most capable man in the cu rrent Central Committee. There is no doubt that Stalin was very lucky within the communist party with the timing of Lenin’s death. If Lenin had not suffered from a stroke, then he would have had the chance to exclude Stalin from the communist party. In Lenin’s eyes Stalin was considered very rude, aggressive in his methods and dangerous to the people. However Lenin could not expell Stalin orally, so he wrote in it is his testament instead. â€Å"Comrade Stalin having become the General Secretary has immeasurable power in his hands, and I am not sure he knows how to use that power with sufficient caution. Lenin’s testament was never read out to the public or the communist party because Stalin, Zinoviev and Kamenev decided it was better that Trotsky was not in power and to keep Stalin on Zinoviev’s and Kamenev’s side. Stalin was very clever with the methods in which he used to progress himself in the party however they were very risky. These risks included misinformation, dr astic internal shifts within the communist party and turning party members against each other. Some of the reasons as to why Stalin could take such risks was because he had the control over the communist party and he also had a large wealth of people following him. Due to his â€Å"pay your respects to the great leader† campaign and he understood how to manipulate people. The other party members wanted to join with him and trusted him because he had so many followers and he it appear as if he was one of the most loyal party members of the communist party. Once Trotsky had stopped fighting with Zinoviev and Kamenev, it only was then that they realized that Stalin had progressed a lot further in the political race to becoming the commissar of the Soviet Union. So in 1926 Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev decided to create a Troika of their own. This would allow then to politically attack Stalin. They believed they had more power than him because there were three of them, however this was not true. Stalin painted them as factionalists because it looked like they had created a separate party just to attack him, which was indeed true. However that is exactly what Stalin omitted to mention that he had done the same with Trotsky making a hypocrite. In 1927 Trotsky was exiled from the party, from there he lived in France, Norway and Mexico. Even though Trotsky was out of Russia he still opposed Stalin until eventually Trotsky was assassinated in 1940 in Mexico by one of Stalin’s secret police. With Trotsky gone by 1927 Stalin was almost certainly going to become the commissar of the Soviet Union, which he did in 1929. Some would say that not all of the methods Stalin used to become the Commissar were legal however they did get him to where he wanted to be. They were very aggressive methods and in some cases were considered vicious, but Stalin had the political and tactical mind that helped him to get the top. Besides the methods that Stalin used there is no doubt that luck played a large factor in his rise to becoming the leader of the Soviet Union. If it were not for the fact that Lenin had his stroke at particular time he did and Trotsky was on a rest leave then it would have been a lot harder, nearly impossible for him to become the leader. With Stalin in the chair of power for almost the next 25 years, Russia was about to become a completely different Country.

Homeostasis And Goldfish Respiration Physical Education Essay

Homeostasis And Goldfish Respiration Physical Education Essay Every organism possesses a mechanism for maintaining homeostasis. Homeostasis is the ability of the body or a cell to seek and maintain a condition of equilibrium or stability within its internal environment when dealing with changes in the external environment. Regulation of temperature is most definitely the most important aspect of homeostasis. Fish are cold-blooded animals. Most fish cannot control their internal body temperatures. Most fish body temperatures change with the temperature of the water around them. In order to obtain temperature homeostasis, the fish seek colder or warmer water. They lose metabolic heat through their gills. There are different types of metabolic adaptations in fish. Temperature and blood pressure are two. Cold-blooded animals must regulate their body temperature by moving. Literary Discussion Homeostasis and the Respiration of Goldfish What is Homeostasis? Homeostasis is the ability of the body or a cell to seek and maintain a condition of equilibrium or stability within its internal environment when dealing with external changes (www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Homeostasis). The main function of homeostasis is to keep all the processes of the body stable even if there are variations in the weather and environment outside (http://www.buzzle.com/articles/what-is-homeostasis.html). Regulation of temperature is most definitely the most important aspect of homeostasis. Warm blooded animals are able to retain a more adjustable constant body temperature. In humans, homeostasis happens when the body regulates body temperature in an effort to maintain an internal temperature around 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Homeostasis). For instance, when it is hot outside your body sweats to cool off, and we shiver to warm up during the cold seasons. Unlike humans, most fish cannot control their internal body temperatures. Fish are cold-blooded creatures. Some fish have mechanisms to keep a healthy temperature. In order to obtain temperature homeostasis, the fish seek colder or warmer water. Certain types of fish such as tuna fish control their body temperature by a specialized heat exchange system of blood vessels. Most fish are poikilothermic which means their body temperature changes with the temperature of the water around them. For instance, if the top of a pond is frozen over, the fish swims to the bottom of the pond to try to stay at a comfortable temperature. All animals create heat from metabolic activity. Metabolic activity includes breaking down food and movement (http://www.ehow.com/facts_7433473_fish-homeostasis-different-water-temperatures.html). Animals such as fish lose metabolic heat through their gills. This happens because the heated blood that runs through vessels in the gills comes into close contact with the colder water outside, and all the heat is lo st. Many diseases are a result of disturbance of homeostasis. This condition is known as homeostatic imbalance. Every organism will lose efficiency in its control systems as it ages. Homeostatic imbalance is responsible for the physical changes associated with aging along with the internal environment. Inefficiencies gradually increase the risk for illness because of the unstable internal environment. It has been seen where alleged negative feedback mechanisms become overwhelmed and destructive positive feedback mechanisms then take over. Negative feedback is mainly how homeostasis is maintained, and positive feedback includes processes like blood clotting (http://www.biology-online.org/biology-forum/about2004.html). In maintaining homeostasis, the kidneys, liver, and brain are the organs in which play an important role. The kidneys are responsible for controlling blood water level, and regulation of salt and ion content in the blood. The liver performs the function of stabilizing carbohydrate metabolism and metabolizing toxic substances (http://www.buzzle.com/articles/what-is-homeostasis.htm.l) Whereas, the brain helps in controlling the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system. Dehydration, hypertension, diabetes, hypoglycemia, etc are major homeostatic imbalance health problems. Homeostasis is extremely important for proper functioning of all human body systems. Enzymes even need a specific constant temperature to work at their optimum level. At higher temperatures, the enzymes will stop working. Homeostasis occurs to all humans, animals, and plants and is needed for us to stay healthy and alive. There are different types of metabolic adaptations in fish. Temperature and blood pressure are two examples. Body temperature for a fish mainly depends on the temperature of the water that the fish is in. This is the same for a fish in a tank, lake, pond, river, ocean, etc. A fish body adjusts to the temperature where the fish will be comfortable in the water. Cold-blooded animals cannot generate their own body heat; they must regulate their body temperature by moving. Absorptive and post absorptive are two metabolic states. Digestion, strength, respiration, salt and water balance, and heart rate are also included in this category. Glycolysis is an anaerobic metabolic pathway. Homeostasis in fish as well as in humans adjusts when the environment that it is in adjusts. If a fish is swimming in polluted water, the water is going to affect the fish. Its going to affect the fishs vision, the fishs breathing, and many other things. Just like polluted air causes humans to get a disease or any other illness, a fish can get a disease or illness as well. The temperature will affect the pace of the fish similar to the temperature affecting the pace of humans. Homeostasis, in biological terms means that the body is maintaining internal equilibrium to adjust internally and physiologically, in response to the external environmental changes(http://www.buzzle.com/articles/what-is-homeostasis.html). The main function of homeostasis is to keep all the processes of the body stable even if there are variations in the weather and environment outside (http://www.buzzle.com/articles/what-is-homeostasis.html). Regulation of temperature is most definitely the most important aspect of homeostasis. Vocabulary Effectors-are muscles or glands which work in response to the stimulus received from the motor nerves(http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-ii/control-and-coordination/receptors-and-effectors.php). Receptors-are structures at the ends of the nerve fibers that collect the information to be conducted by the nerves (http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-ii/control-and-coordination/receptors-and-effectors.php). Nares (Nostrils)-the nasal passages (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/nares). Mouth-the opening in which an animal or human takes in food, liquid, oxygen, etc. (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mouth?s=t) Eyes- the organ of sight, in vertebrates typically one of a pair of spherical bodies contained in an orbit of the skull and in humans appearing externally as a dense, white, curved membrane, or sclera, surrounding a circular, colored portion, or iris, that is covered by a clear, curved membrane, or cornea, and in the center of which is an opening, or pupil, through which light passes to the retina.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/eyes?s=t) Operculum-the gill cover; a part or organ serving as a lid or cover, as a covering flap on a seed vessel. (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/operculum?s=t) Lateral Line-the line, or system of lines, of sensory structures along the head and sides of fishes, by which the animal is believed to detect water current and pressure changes and vibrations. (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/late-ral+line?s=t) Soft Dorsal Fins-the fin or finlike integumentary expansion generally developed on the back of aquatic vertebrates.( http://www.earthlife.net/fish/fins.html) Pectoral Fins-(in fishes) either of a pair of fins usually situated behind the head, one on each side, and corresponding to the forelimbs of higher vertebrates.( http://www.earthlife.net/fish/fins.html) Pelvic Fins-(in fishes) either of a pair of fins on the lower surface of the body, corresponding to the hind limbs of a land vertebrate; ventral fin.( http://www.earthlife.net/fish/fins.html) Gills-the respiratory organ of aquatic animals, as fish, that breathe oxygen dissolved in water.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/gills?s=t) Scales-one of the hard, bony or dentinal plates, either flat or denticulate, forming the covering of certain other animals, as fishes.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/scales?s=t) Vent-the anal or excretory opening of animals, especially of those below mammals, as birds and reptiles.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/vent?o=100074) Peduncle-a stalk or stem; a stalk like part or structure.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/peduncle?s=t) Anal Fin- the median, unpaired fin on the ventral margin between the anus and the caudal fin in fishes.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/anal+fin?s=t) Two-Chambered Heart-including one atrium and one ventricle.( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrium_(heart) Jaws- either of two bones, the mandible or maxilla, forming the framework of the mouth.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/jaws?s=ts) Equilibrium-a state of rest or balance due to the equal action of opposing forces. Vertebrates- are animals that have a spine or backbones.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/equilibrium?s=t) Cold-blooded- designating or pertaining to animals, as fishes and reptiles, whose blood temperature ranges from the freezing point upward, in accordance with the temperature of the surrounding medium.( http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cold-blooded?s=t) Ventilation-combination of movement of operculum and the floor of the mouth.( http://www.biology-resources.com/fish-01.html) Question, Hypothesis, Materials, and Procedure Question: Do various temperatures of water effect the way a fish breathe? Hypothesis- Cold water: Cold water will affect the way a fish breathe. A fish will take deeper, slower, and less breathes. Room Temperature Water: The amount of breaths a fish breathes will be normal. Hot water: Hot water will cause the fish to taker deeper breaths that are faster. Fish will inhale and exhale more breathes in hot water. Materials- Two fish Small sized container/fish tank Hot water Cold water Room temperature water Notebook/paper Pen/pencil Thermometer timer Procedure- First, set aside a bowl of water to get it to be room temperature. While that sits, create a table with three rows and eight columns. Label the first row experimental sample. Label the next two rows fish one and fish two. Label the columns room temperature, number of breaths, cold water temperature, breaths, hot water temperature, and breaths. Then, get extremely cold water and pour it into the container/fish bowl. Take the first fish and put it in the container with the cold water. Take the thermometer and put it in the bowl of water; wait till the meter stops moving. Record the temperature of the water. Next, set your timer to sixty seconds. Start the timer and count how many breaths the fish takes until the timer goes off. Record the time. Take the fish and thermometer out of the water and pour the water out. Pour the hot water into the container/fish tank and put the previous fish back into the container. Take the thermometer and sit it in the bowl until the meter stops. Record the temperature. Like before, set the timer to sixty seconds and count how many breaths the fish takes in that time. Record your results. After that, take the fish out along with the thermometer. Empty the container of the water. By this time the water that was set aside should be room temperature. Take that water and empty it into the container/fish tank and put the previous fish and thermometer in the bowl. Record the temperature of the water. Set the timer and count the breaths taken again. Record your results before taking the fish and thermometer out. Pour out the water. Repeat this process with the other fish and new water. Bar Graph and Frequency Table Experimental Sample Room Temperature Number of Breaths Warm Temperature Number of Breaths Cold Temperature Number of Breaths Time Fish #1 22Â ° C 89 27Â ° C 91 25Â ° C 59 60 sec Fish #2 23Â ° C 84 27Â ° C 69 25Â ° C 66 60 sec What is a fish? What is the mechanism in which fish breathe in water? A fish is any cold-blooded vertebrate animal that lives in water (http://www.myuniversalfacts.com/2006/03/how-do-fish-breathe.html). Fish live in nearly any water habitat and can be found in many different varieties of climatic conditions from near-freezing Arctic waters to the hot desert springs. Animals that live on land have a different respiratory system from aquatic animals such as fish. A fish is capable of breathing under water without taking frequent trips to the surface to breathe air unlike a whale which is a marine animal. This is because fish have gills. It is a process to fish breathing. First, water in the fishs surrounding enters its mouth. Water enters the mouth by the operculum and a very effective pumping system that involves the mouth. As a fish pumps water through the gills it opens and closes its mouth. Water is drawn into the mouth after the fish opens its mouth and the operculum closes. After water enters the fishs mouth it passes through a structure. This structure is called gill rakers. The gill rakers act as a filter system by straining out particles such as food or any other foreign particles that may have entered the mouth from the inflow of water. Next, the filtered water travels through the gill arches hence passing over the gills. Projected out into the water flow allows water to flow across the lamellae are gill filaments. Resulting, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged directly across the capillary membrane. As water flows through the gills, the dissolved oxygen passes into blood circulating through the gill structures. The gill structures include the filaments and lamellae. Simultaneously, carbon dioxide which is the waste product, in the fishs bloodstream passes into the water. It is then carried away and out of the body through the operculum. This is the process by which fish breathe also know as respiration. Resources and References http://www.biology-resources.com/fish-01.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish http://www.myuniversalfacts.com/2006/03/how-do-fish-breathe.html http://teachers.guardian.co.uk/Guardian_RootRepository/Saras/ContentPackaging/UploadRepository/learnpremium/Lesson/learnpremium/scienc~00/post16~00/biology/exchan~00/gaseou~01/gaseou~01/breath~00/default.htm http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-ii/control-and-coordination/receptors-and-effectors.php http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Two+chambered+heart http://www.dictionary.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrium_(heart http://www.earthlife.net/fish/fins.html

Music Analogy :: essays research papers

â€Å"The final years of the 1970’s saw the emergence of a new style of pop music that would continue in popularity into the early 1980’s. This music was known, by its fans at that time, as New Wave† (http://www.erols.com/alloyd/adam2.htm). â€Å"New Wave† had a particular style that utilized the synthesizer as a main instrument. The synthesizer was a machine that electronically produced music. It gave a certain artificial and metallic feel to the music. The Cure and Erasure, bands formed during that period of time, were some of the bands that implemented the synthesizer into their music. Though both bands fit into the category of â€Å"New Wave† the feel of their music is somewhat different. To explain the difference I would have to analyze their songs. Two examples of their music that I will analyze are â€Å"Friday I’m in Love† by The Cure and â€Å"Always† by Erasure. The song â€Å"Friday I’m in Love† by The Cure had a 4/4 meter. The song began with a pickup by the guitar and led into a backbeat by the drums. The synthesizer played a continuous riff providing the â€Å"tinging† artificial sound and there’s also bass in the background. There were also sounds towards the end of the song that sounded a lot like the â€Å"theramin.† The beat subdivisions seemed to be triplets because the song seemed to swing and the other subdivisions didn’t match. The correct sequence and lengths of the sections in this particular song can be best labeled as I8+8 A8 B8 C6 B8 Solo8 B8 C6 D8+8 A8 B8 Solo8 Solo8. The labels A and B are to distinguish the two different verses, the label C stands for the chorus and the label D symbolized the new section (the bridge). The vocals within this song have a deeper and a more wailing kind of voice than that of the band Erasure. The song â€Å"Always† from Erasure also had a 4/4 meter, but unlike The Cure the song did not start out with a pickup and instead of the guitar the song began with the synthesizer. There didn’t seem to be any other distinguishable instruments besides the synthesizer and the drum, though I did seem to hear the use of the theramin for the eerie effect. There were also these clicking sounds, but I’m assuming the synthesizer made it. The groove of this song was more harmonized and brings to mind the music of the early Beatles. The subdivisions of this song were 8th notes. The sequence and lengths of the sections for this song can be labeled as I8 V8+8 C8+4 V8+8 C8+4 CFADE. The label V symbolizes the verse of the song and

Emotional Intelligence And The Implication Education Essay

In recent old ages companies begin to recognize the polar place of emotional intelligence and attach more importance on leader ‘s emotional intelligence development. Actually the emotional intelligence enables leaders better perform in the workplace. This essay will come to an apprehension of emotional intelligence on the footing of the writer ‘s sentiment. The first portion of the essay includes the history of emotional intelligence, its definition and the dimensions. The 2nd portion of the essay will show the deduction of emotional intelligence in service operation leading. Cardinal words: emotional intelligence, service operation leading, better public presentationIntroductionEmotional intelligence has been one of the most popular Fieldss to be developed in educational and psychological communities over the past few decennaries. Evidence suggested that cognitive ability was non sufficient for the success of a service operation leading. Particularly in today ‘s society, challenges and competitions coexist, companies call for invention and reformation. In such a complex environment, service operations leading is of critical importance in footings of service organisational public presentation for every individual service organisation. Meanwhile, the strength of the service operations leading has a close relationship with emotional intelligence. Leaderships could score high on traditional intelligence trials yet do ill in other countries in the workplace such as societal dealingss and self-assessment. Therefore, for a service operational leader, it i s ineluctable but practical to beef up emotional intelligence every bit good as to heighten leading.Historic Development of Emotional IntelligenceEqually early as in 1920, the Columbia University professor EL Thorndike foremost proposed the construct of societal intelligence. He stated that people with high societal intelligence â€Å" has the ability to understand and pull off others, and can move sagely when constructing relationship with others. And in 1926, the first intelligence trial named George Washington Social Intelligence Test was released to the populace. The trial inquiries included placing the emotional province of the characters in the image and judging the jobs in the interpersonal relationship, etc. However, in the following few decennaries the attempt in this field made by the psychological community paused down because most of them attached more importance on the research of IQ trial ( the ability of mathematic, logic, linguistic communication and spacial ability ) which assumed to make up one's mind one ‘s learning ability and farther influence the development of work public presentation in the hereafter. Until 1983, Howard Gardner ‘s Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences introduced the superb thought of â€Å" multiple intelligences † that included both interpersonal intelligence which is â€Å" the capacity to understand the purposes, motives and desires of other people † and intrapersonal intelligence which Gardner defined as the capacity to understand oneself, to hold an effectual working theoretical account of one ego and to utilize such information efficaciously in modulating one ‘s ain life, to appreciate one ‘s feelings, frights and motives. In Gardner ‘s position, traditional types of intelligence, such as IQ, fail to to the full explicate cognitive ability. He believed the definition of IQ which focused chiefly on mathematic and linguistic communication demand to be well modified because IQ merely has a high positive correlativity to school trial public presentation ( the higher IQ, the better prep public presentation ) . However, IQ does non hold important relation to other facets such as the work public presentation, feelings or life satisfaction. Gardner added several intelligences in the thought of â€Å" multiple intelligence † , including music, athleticss, self-assessment and the ability to understand others. It was the last two intelligences that made the construct of societal intelligence one time once more became extremely valued by educational and psychological communities. However, the construct of emotional intelligence was non introduced until a summer ‘s twenty-four hours in the confab between two psychological science professors, Peter Salovey, now dean of Yale College and professor of psychological science at Yale University, and John Mayer, now professor at the University of New Hampshire. They were speaking about the cognitive and emotional research and discoursing a politician who was smart but acted dumb, which led to the decision that â€Å" smart determination doing requires more than the mind as measured by traditional IQ † . Later they focused emotional intelligence on the abilities to comprehend and utilize emotions as portion of thought. The 1 who really made the term emotional intelligence out of academic circle and be good accepted by the populace as a day-to-day used term was Harvard University professor Daniel Goleman and his book Emotional Intelligence which was the best seller around states. His sentiment set off a haste to emotional intelligence globally. Goleman discovered that one ‘s emotional intelligence has an imperative impact on his public presentation in the workplace emotional intelligence either as an employee or as a leader and as the place gets higher, emotional intelligence ‘s influence gets greater. In add-on, emotional intelligence ‘s impact is even more obvious on certain types of work such as selling, gross revenues and client service.What is Emotional Intelligence?Mayer and Salovey foremost defined the term Emotional Intelligence by simply concentrating on perceiving and modulating emotion without believing about feelings. Then they reviewed and refined their earlier definit ion, expanded its content as â€Å" the ability to comprehend and show emotion, assimilate emotion in idea, understand and ground with emotion, and modulate emotion in the ego and others † Goleman ( 1998 ) described emotional intelligence as a individual ‘s self-awareness, self-confidence, self-control, committedness and unity, and a individual ‘s ability to pass on, influence, novice alteration and accept alteration There exist many different apprehensions of emotional intelligence by different psychologists. These are emotional intelligence definitions from two governments. Even though the definitions were expressed in different words, they are similar to some extent that emotional intelligence is the ability to measure and pull off one ‘s ain emotional behaviour while able to comprehend and understand other ‘s emotions. Finally is the ability to pass on and influence others through a good and close relationship. In the undermentioned portion, I will discourse my understanding on emotional intelligence in footings of five dimensions proposed by Goleman.Dimensions of Emotional IntelligenceEmotional intelligence is a set of competences and personal traits. These accomplishments contribute to a individual ‘s ability to pull off and supervise his or her ain emotions, to right estimate the emotional province of others and to act upon sentiments ( Caudron, 1999 ; Goleman, 1998 ) . H armonizing to Goleman, my apprehension of the term â€Å" Emotional Intelligence † includes five dimensions: Self-awareness Self- consciousness is the ability for us to research our single personalities, behaviour, beliefs and value systems. Because we have different reactions to the external environments, so when we assess our emotional behaviour or feelings, we will compare our current behaviour to our ain criterions and believes to derive a better consciousness of ourselves. It is the anchor of emotional intelligence ( Goleman, 1995 ) . Self-awareness may include assurance and independency. Being confident and independent, a individual can be self-asserting and responsible to do determination. A feeling of assurance and independency besides enables a individual to hold the capacity to cover with unexpected challenges and issues. Self-regulation Self-regulation is the ability to believe before moving and command negative urges and tempers in cheque. It can besides be thought of as the successful integrating of emotion and knowledge ensuing in appropriate behaviour. Self-regulation, besides known as self-management, includes facets such as keeping criterions of honestness and unity ( trustiness ) , taking duty for one ‘s public presentation ( conscientiousness ) , being comfy with fresh thoughts and attacks ( invention ) , and managing alteration ( adaptability ) . As for adaptability, John Mayer and David Caruso commented that â€Å" Manager who can believe about emotions accurately and clearly may frequently be better able to expect, header with, and efficaciously pull off alteration † . Motivation Motivation is the emotional inclination steering or easing the action toward a coveted end and motive can arouse, dominate and support certain behaviour to accomplish ends. It ‘s the indispensable and important component in puting and achieving ends. Optimism is the imperative constituent of motive. It is non about believing everything will be all right without attempt. Optimism is more about the emotion covering with danger and prehending chances for the organisation. When covering with challenge, a leader should be positive and actively happen out other ways to defuse the crisis. It is non sufficient for a leader to work out troubles with an optimistic attitude. At the same clip, a leader should be sensitive plenty to delve out the chance brought by the challenges and take advantage of them to accomplish enormous success. Empathy Empathy is the apprehension of the feelings of others, their concerns and demands, feelings, positions. It can be broken down into seeking apprehension, development of others ‘ abilities, leveraging diverseness to let new thoughts and chances to be heard, and being politically cognizant of a squad ‘s demands and power construction ( Goleman, 1998 ) . Empathy is the ability to set ourselves in person else ‘s places ; to see the universe through those who are different from us. ( Obama ) Empathy is closely related to compassion, but non sympathy. It requires you to see the universe from another individual ‘s position and acquire emotional information about them and their place. By roll uping and analysing information about other people ‘s feelings, you are able to better understand them. Social accomplishment Social accomplishment is indispensable to emotional intelligence. It is the ability to ease interaction and edifice relationships with others. Leaderships have to acquire along good with other people in the workplace, bring oning interesting responses and act uponing others with your ain personal appeal. Good societal accomplishment enables leaders to cut down struggle and increase engagement or aid in obtaining information or completing undertakings. These are five dimensions in emotional intelligence and their constituents and deductions in my apprehension. Following I will travel deep into the significance between emotional intelligence and service operations leading.The Implications for Service Operations LeadershipIn order to exemplify why emotional intelligence is importance to serve operations leading, two instances will be displayed to show the polar function emotional intelligence drama in the leading.Case oneMany Australian fire services are predominated by â€Å" bid and control † operational leading. Because the Fire Service ‘s primary function is for the protection of life and belongings. For this, the appropriate direction manner is ‘command and command ‘ . Under such leading manner, the balance between â€Å" undertaking focal point † and â€Å" people focal point † is broken. More attending is paid on undertaking focal point instead than people. Fire service employees feel und ervalued, unmotivated and suffer low morale because leaders ignore the fact that â€Å" undertaking † is achieved by people even though it is more of import. The impact of this state of affairs is that big per centum of employees are detached which means that they merely want to complete the minimal work so that they would non be laid out, stated in a recent study by the Gallop Poll. A leader without emotional intelligence might take to this circumstance. The leader without important emotional competences such as empathy, self-assessment, societal accomplishments or flexibleness is incognizant of the importance of balances the two undertakings. This sort of leader can non be effectual in decision-making or mission-assigning. Fortunately, merely 3 % of the exigency response activities are fires and exigencies, which mean the other 97 % of runing leading can be flexible and emotional to accomplish effectual direction. Besides leaders who have better developed emotional intelligence will be much more effectual in winning the Black Marias and heads of employees. After recognizing the challenge of uneven balance, Fire Services wage more attending to leaders ‘ emotional intelligence. Leaderships began to demo consideration to the fire new combatants come ining the fire service. The new entrants normally come from diverse backgrounds, ages, educational degrees and nationalities and have different believes. Be empathy and seek to understand the employees ‘ state of affairs can take to shut relationship between leader and employees.Case TwoFrank Sims was a leader in Roadway Express Inc. and he worried about the increasing harm job on lading procedure and during the transit would impact the relationship with clients. In light with the current state of affairs, Sims recalled a workshop on emotional intelligence and realized that the stevedore and drivers should understand how of import lading t he trucks was for their company. The other twenty-four hours, he called the senior transit director, the leader of one of the company ‘s most of import clients to acquire aid in videotaping and employee interview. All these stuffs were used to assist the Roadway Express employees to hold a to the full understanding about the whole concern procedure between the company and the client, the concern theoretical account and concern mission. The stevedores and drivers were impressed and they began to hold a good appreciation of the function they played in the concern procedure. They became more cautious and serious when burden and transporting. Because the services provided by service companies are intangible, they can non be felt or touched. As a consequence, it is even more hard for employees to recognize how of import their public presentation will be in the concern operation system. Sims put frontward an first-class thought to mobilise the enthusiasm of the employees and do their company better off. They do so by utilizing their emotional intelligence to make an ambiance in which people want to make and be their best. High emotional intelligence aid service operation leader to transfuse followings a sense of ends and the importance of the undertaking, stress enthusiasm, flexibleness and organisation individuality. Other benefits include: Leaderships with high emotional intelligence in service organisation may frequently be better able to expect, get by with and efficaciously manage alteration in the environment full of uncertainness and revolution. This type of leader can set themselves harmonizing to the environment, will non panic and quiet down rapidly, particularly in the scenes covering with client ailment and service recovery. Leaderships who do non hold high emotional intelligence or are unwilling to develop it might hold some troubles in set uping relationships with their foremans, co-worker, subsidiaries and clients. As being a leader, it calls for the ability to animate, to actuate, to develop subsidiaries by naming their development demands and to promote behavioural alterations ( Velsor, et al.,2010 ) . Emotional intelligence enables a leader to place and analyse ain strength and failing, why he is the manner he is and come to understand the influence on people around ( Dijk and Freedman, 2007 ) ( Velsor, Mccauley & A ; Ruderman, 2010 ) .DecisionA leader in service operation organisation has to hold DIJK, C. F.-V. & A ; FREEDMAN, J. 2007. Distinguishing emotional intelligence in leading. Journal of Leadership Studies, 1, 8-20.

Customer-Driven Learning at Radisson Hotels Essay

In the case study titled â€Å"Customer-Driven Learning at Radisson Hotels Worldwide† the background, growth, and service guarantees of the Radisson Hotel chain is discussed. Radisson Hotels was founded in 1938 by Curtis L Carlson of Carlson Companies Inc. The company’s headquarters were located in Minneapolis, Minnesota and was divided into four operating groups – Carlson Hospitality Worldwide, Carlson Wagonlit Travel, Carlson Marketing Group, and Carlson Leisure Group. In 1975 Radisson only had ten hotels but quickly grew to three hundred and sixty locations in forty seven countries by 1998 by partnering with existing hotel companies creating Radisson SAS Worldwide under the â€Å"growth at any cost† model. By 1998 Carlson Hospitality Worldwide included Radisson Hotels Worldwide, Country Inns & Suites by Carlson, TGI Friday’s, Regent Hotels, Italianni’s, Friday’s Front Row Sports Grill, Friday’s American Bar, and Radisson Seve n Seas Cruises (Schroeder, pg 454). Also in 1998 Curt Carlson’s daughter Marilyn Carlson Nelson took over as CEO of the Carlson Companies. It was at this time that Brian Stage, Radisson’s president, and Maureen O’Hanlon, Radisson’s executive vice president, started taking initiatives to transform the â€Å"growth at any cost† model to becoming a more customer-focused brand. To achieve this transformation from the current diverse hotel quality, they included a service guarantee, a guest satisfaction measurement program, and employee satisfaction measurement program, and an information technology initiative. Their goal was to make Radisson the â€Å"most trusted and respected brand worldwide† (Schroeder, pg 454). To support these strategies, Stage and O’Hanlon initiated a 100% guest satisfaction program, a fully integrated guest information system, guest and employee satisfaction measurement programs, guest recognition and rewards program, and a genuine hospitality program . Customer satisfaction is a relative concept that varies from one customer to another (Schroeder, pg. 147). A service guarantee is a promise by a company to compensate the customer in some way if the defined level of service delivered is not duly met. An effective service guarantee sets clear standards of performance for customers to expect and to which employees adhere (Al, 1993; Rose, 1990; Hart, 1988). It communicates to workers the level of service the organization intends to offer to its customers, as well  as provides a clear and strong task identity (Cahill & Warshawky, 1995). It mandates that every decision and employee must focus on the customers. Successful implementation of a service guarantee would require managerial emphasis and proper allocation of resources on key determinant variables. Management staff is primarily responsible for the formulation and communication of service priorities to frontline staff as well as the design of recovery measures for resolving customer complaints. Quality of service and the ability to attract and retain customers dictate the success or failure of hotel service providers. Hotels typically measure quality through inspections and with customer-satisfaction data. David Kearns once said â€Å"Performance benchmarking is the continuous process of measuring products, services and practices against the toughest competitors or those companies recognized as the industry leaders.† In today’s competitive environment, customers are quick to abandon services that do not meet expectations. The ease with which customers can switch from their current service to another, demands that providers deliver the highest possible levels of service quality and performance. To be successful, hotels must deliver positive customer experiences with rich, value-added services supported by comprehensive service quality management. Significant changes are occurring in the hotel industry that affect how providers run their businesses as well as what services they offer. There is a greater need to attract new customers, find new revenue sources, reduce operational costs and increase customer satisfaction. Successful quality management of next-generation services requires end-to-end service management across complex, multitechnology, multivendor infrastructures. Providers need to be able to quickly assess the impact of events on the performance and availability of revenue-generating services, establish and ensure aggregate service quality levels, and provide a detailed analysis of an individual subscriber’s experience that correlates back to broader service quality trends. In effect, providers need to be able to visualize service quality, prioritize their efforts and communicate relevant information to all stakeholders. This means they need to consolidate key data from disparate systems and from multiple vendors. They  need to be able to model relationships and dependencies between the network, applications and databases so they can see what resources are critical to their service. Communication plays a vital role in managing overall service quality. Providing relevant service intelligence to those who need it such as operations, IT, executives and customer care, helps providers rapidly resolve issues and minimize service impact on customers. They can quickly relate performance to business metrics. They can get a real-time view to better understand the customer experience. By improving communication across all levels of the value chain, they can help improve overall service quality and customer satisfaction. With the improved communication, Radisson must train all employees from all franchises in the same fashion to create a more consistent customer-driven concept. Many companies and franchise systems have found themselves in a situation where rapid change and deployment is critical to the company’s success. It’s absolutely essential to have a roadmap under these conditions. Once training is completed, studies and surveys must be done that include guests and employees to provide information that can be used to increase customer and employee satisfaction as well as help shape the direction for a defined service guarantee. Once defined, the service guarantee should be implemented to continually provide quality measurements and improve employee motivation. Providers also need a real-time view to understand the customer experience. How many customers are experiencing the service? Who is impacted by service issues? Providers need to be able to quickly assess the impact of events on service performance and availability, as well as how the business is affected. By providing a detailed analysis of an individual subscriber’s experience and correlating it back to broader service trends, providers can better manage the overall customer experience. Information technology software delivers comprehensive service quality management and customer experience management that help service providers  differentiate through improved service quality and lower operational costs. It gives them the ability to monitor and manage, from a single, central location, the availability, performance and quality of services. Information technology software equips them with a complete view of all the resources that comprise a service, from very beginning all the way to the customer. Information technology software not only plays a part in accelerating the drive to improve service quality but additionally measures information needed to improve customer and employee satisfaction. It can measure and create reports against key measurements to more effectively monitor availability, quality of virtually any service. By delivering new, high-quality services to market, they can attract new customers and generate new revenue streams. By enabling an improved customer experience, providers can help reduce churn, positively affect the uptake of that particular service and impact a subscriber’s willingness to try new services. Delivering consistent high-quality services to customers in a franchise business is more difficult than in a non-franchised business. In a franchised business, all employees must be trained in the same manner as well as have access to the same information. There are no exact guidelines, nor books to follow, nor formulas to adhere to when it comes to establishing and maintaining strong franchisor-franchisee relationships. It must be a strategic choice that is constantly enhanced, nurtured, and developed (Howe, 2003). Once a relationship is commenced it must be sustained, and any effort to maintain a high-quality affiliation requires the vital component of effective, two-way, communication. The franchisor is responsible for providing the channels for communication. A commitment to high-quality communication will also help to align the goals of the management team, hotel workers, owners, corporate management, and corporate staff. There are other benefits that come from this commitment to a two-way exchange of ideas and perspective. It cultivates a mutual respect and commitment between the employees, building trust and therefore solidifying a fully functional and working relationship. This should be designed to keep in touch with the franchisees’ core needs and goals, and provide an environment that enables  franchisees to approach the franchisor with questions, concerns, or ideas for improving the programs or recommended changes. Another means of communication is an intranet site accessible only by the franchisor, franchisees and their employees that provides a forum for questions, news updates, and other business information. Through these various forms of communication the franchisor can educate franchisees on the brand strategies and enhance their ability as keepers of the brand (Howe, 2003). Through a commitment to each of the key elements of effective two-way communication franchisors and franchisees can strengthen the strategies and consumer level execution that will drive their brand’s performance (Howe, 2003). Since the beginning of the change that Stage and O’Hanlon brought about, services have been implemented to acquire and satisfy customers. These services include the Express Yourself pre-arrival online check-in, the â€Å"Curtis-C† reservation system, the â€Å"Yes I can!† training program, the gold points plus customer reward program, and their 100% guest satisfaction service guarantee. These programs are designed to link the customers with the staff. The information technology used to create the check-in and reservation systems is an amazing service that benefits both the guest and the staff. The â€Å"Yes I can!† training program has been developed to train all employees consistently throughout the franchises to assist in aligning the goals of each franchise with their new brand strategy. The gold points plus reward program is a program that allows it’s customers to earn reward points that can be used for free stays or air miles. It also gives its members access to exclusive hotel and travel offers as well as in-hotel benefits. The website for the gold points program also lets it’s members make online reservations, check-in online, and select their stay preferences. In the matter of the last ten years, Radisson Hotels has escalated from a once â€Å"unfocused† brand into one of the world’s leading, full-service global hotel companies. This has been successfully accomplished through the organization of its franchises and implementation of information technology systems. Radisson Hotels & Resorts is committed to change and innovation in  all key areas including its growth strategy, operations, franchising, sales and marketing, and technology, to operate with maximum effectiveness in a highly competitive business environment (The Radisson Story). Technology will undoubtedly continue to develop and Radisson Hotels should continue to progress along with it to stay on top of the service industry as one of the best global hotel companies out there. References Al, L. (1993). Service guarantees in outpatient clinics: a case study. Health Care Management Review, 18 (3), 59-65. Cahill, D. J., & Warshawky, R. M. (1995). Beyond competence: unconditional guarantees as a customer-service tool. Journal of Customer Service in Marketing and Management, 1 (3), 67-77. Hart, C. W. L. (1988). The power of unconditional service guarantees. Harvard Business Review, 88 (4), July/August, 54-62. Howe, Michael C. (2003). Keys to a successful franchisor-franchisee relationship: through a commitment to each of the†¦ Franchising World. http://www.allbusiness.com/management/657315-1.htmlImprove service quality and enhance the customer experience. December 2007 ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/software/tivoli/whitepapers/GMW14002-USEN-00_SP.pdfKearns, David. Chairman of the New American Schools Development Corporation, formerly chairman and CEO of the Xerox Corporation and Deputy U.S. Secretary of Education. Rose, M. D. (1990). No strings attached. Chief Executive, 60 (Jul/Aug), 30-33. Schroeder, Roger. (2008). Operations Management: Contemporary Concepts and Cases 4th Edition. McGraw-Hill. New York, New York. The Radisson Story. http://www.radisson.com/section/aboutus.story/aboutus.sidemenus