Personal Statement The Pharmaceutical Sales...

Education has been a visible influence in my life for as long as I can remember, mainly because my mother was a teacher. However, in no way had I envisioned becoming a teacher, and certainly not an educational leader. I was content with my career as a pharmaceutical sales representative detailing products to doctors, hospital pharmacists, in addition, the perks that came with the job, i.e. salary, bonuses, and traveling to the home office for meetings. Destiny has a way of changing your path in life; consequently, after numerous life changing events I found myself pursing degrees in elementary education and educational leadership. The pharmaceutical sales representative training I obtained equipped me for becoming an elementary education teacher; the difference was the field territory, audience and products. A typical field territory included approximately 300-400 hundred doctors that represented various capacities of medicine, i.e. general practice doctors, internists, surgeons, rad iologists, oncologists and pharmacists. As the leader of my territory, I established relationships with the office staff, collaborated with the nurses, and trust building with the doctors. In addition, to exhibiting best sales practices: professional communication, developing solutions, and staying abreast of current product research. My classroom was now my field territory and I needed to sell students on the features and benefits of learning in order to achieve academicShow MoreRelatedMba Statement of Purpose973 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: PERSONAL STATEMENT TO PURSUE AN MBA Personal Statement to Pursue an MBA My personal statement begins with my American journey. A journey of faith and courage in the face of adversity that has taken me to where I am today. And it remains still a work in progress. 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My Life Learning Experience with R.S.V - 2083 Words

R.S.V i My Life Learning Experience with R.S.V Name Course Title Teacher Date R.S.V ii Abstract Many individuals have experienced problems with their hospitals or health care facilities. An important concept that I learned from facing this family crisis that will be examined in this paper is that, when a family member becomes seriously ill, they need quality medical care. Sometimes, when a person s life is at stake, the further a person lives from medical facilities which can offer quality care can be a grave factor. R.S.V 1 R.S.V in Infants This paper will examine several lessons and concepts which I learned from personal life-learning experiences. Three examples that will be addressed in this paper will†¦show more content†¦I regretted the fact that we were not more prepared to deal with this crisis. Thus, I have since learned that I need to research the qualifications of any professional my child will be receiving treatment from. In the future, I will research hospitals or schools before enrolling my child in them. I can also apply the concept that quality care is an important aspect of a person s life to other situations as well. For example, I will have to make sure that my child has a qualified pediatrician and dentist to take care of his health needs in the future. I will also have to ensure that my child gets his vaccinations. Moreover, I learned that there is no substitute for being prepared for an emergency situation. I plan on researching the response time of our police and fire depar tments and plan to learn about the efficiency of our ambulance services. R.S.V 4 Another part of the lessons I learned while confronting this family crisis is how I learned that high quality heath care is best provided by highly qualified doctors. I also learned that an unqualified doctor may easily misdiagnose a patient s symptoms. The discussion below will show how I have learned to ask questions before selecting a pediatrician. My son was initially treated by a pediatrician

Logistics and Supply Chain Management in Australia

Question: What is logistics and supply chain management ? Describethe current logistics problems or issues that are faced in Australia. Answer: Executive Summary: The following report is a study about the current logistics problems or issues that are faced in Australia. Due to these issues, many companies like Qube logistics also face various challenges. Qube logistics has been recognized as a huge logistics provider in Australia. It has its services in logistics, rail logistics, warehousing and a complete supply chain management. The motive of the company is to be the largest logistics provider of Australia. The company has a plan to increase its significance in rail logistics. Australia is as challenging as suitable it is for the logistics sector. There are various problems and challenges that are faced by logistic companies. The solutions for these problems can be brought with the help of local state government. Introduction: The report covers the current logistic network issues and the problems that are faced in the New South Wales, NSW, state of Australia. The ecological, political and environmental aspects of Australia together provide a unique and favorable environment for logistics that also has to experience number of challenges and issues. The report describes the past and current logistics trends in Australia and the current issues that are affecting the logistic company Qube Logistics (Ila et al.2008). The points covered are domestic and international logistics in Australia including imports and exports and some other challenges related to the logistics. Also the key issues that are faced, are covered and potential solutions to overcome them (Ales, 2009). Qube Holdings Ltd is an expanded logistics and infrastructure company in Australia. The company is also rebranded as Qube logistics. It operates services that cover road and rail transport, warehousing and various services. These services are merged as complete incorporated solution to satisfy the clients need (Harland et al. 1999). Over the past 4 years, Qube logistics have extensively developed and elaborated its logistics portfolio to be recognized as Australias single largest contributor of logistic services (Ila et al, 2008). Currently its focus is to grow and develop with extreme speed and establish some additional strategic logistic hubs at the port and inland sites. These hubs will have ability to develop rail as an alternative for transportation. Qube continues to prepare cutting - edge technologies and applications to provide the customers with a fair supply chain procedure (Ales, 2009). Current logistic challenges in NSW affecting Qube Logistics: The following session designates the different issues or problems that are faced by Qube logistics in NSW. The issues are categorized into geographical, environmental, climatic challenges as well the other challenges: (Sahay and Ramneesh, 2003). Biological Issues: Traffic Blockage: The huge coastal cities in Australia, especially Sydney and Melbourne, where Qube Logistics has its terminal, experiences immense traffic jam every weekday. The peak hours during morning and afternoon cause high traffic jams on the roads, creating blockages. Bridges and motorways are developed in the cities for reducing the traffic problems, but even those ways are heavily jammed. New plans are developed to decrease the traffic but due to the increase in the population possessing cars and personal vehicles, the plans fail to effect. The transportation of goods is heavily affected if the transporters approach to travel by these jammed areas during peak hours. Also the firms having warehouse inside the city would have to face these problems daily. Qube logistics has the warehouses developed in the port (Ales, 2009). The solution to this problem is to develop bridges and motorways. Many private firms build such kind of motorways to transport goods, having a contract with the state government. Problem with the toll roads and road changes: There are some toll roads in Sydney and the other cities that are built by private contractors and are the challenges in themselves despite of the roads were built in order to reduce the traffic jams. Australia adapts the approach of changing and modifying the roads to control the traffic and congestion in local areas. The highway improvements in local areas enhance the travel time and safety for the pedestrians but whenever the roads are blocked for construction, it resists heavy vehicles to enter. These changes affect the travelling time and create confusion (Ales, 2009). These roads are considered to be more of obstacles then the efforts to improve the transportation. Regional Challenges: Distance: A big issue with Qube logistics is the great distances between the cities. For example, the distance between Sydney and Melbourne is 880 kilometers. Even rail journeys take a huge amount of time. Also many roads have very fewer petrol stations so it gets necessary to carry petrol. The company has to evaluate the time taken and the cost involved to travel. Also in these routes, transportation, especially to the mining sites that are at remote locations makes the process of transportation complex. These long distance and complex journeys has to be planned carefully previously. If transportation is to be done at distant places, the planning of alternative routes can be helpful (Ila et al. 2008). Transportation through Road trains is a general method used for transportation in the wide spread areas on Australia. This method is very useful in overcoming the issues of products carried per kilometer by road. The other issue for long distance travelling is the driver exhaustion. Drivers are burdened to complete the deliveries in short time. It leads injuries accidents and deaths. Drivers are witnessed breaking the speed limitations for completing the journey on short time. (Ila et al. 2008). Environmental Challenges: Australias climate challenges the transportation of the company. It is shown how the climatic changes affect the transportation. Every company has to follow the green logistics. Minimum waste and pollution has been a primary concern for Qube logistics. The aim of the company is to build renewable energy sources and implement those sources in the near future. During winter, the snowfall creates huge jams and congestion. Road closures are applied in cities like Sydney Melbourne Queensland etc due to snowfall. Travelling through these roads is very dangerous. This is the situation of the other parts of Australia, particularly Victoria, Tasmania and southern New South Wales where Qube logistics has their terminals and ports. Thus, these factors create delay or cancellation of some transports resulting into heavy loss for the company. These road closures can continue for many days and create problems when alternative options are also not available. Studded tyres are solution but heavy vehicles like semi-trailers must avoid to transportation via these routes. The rail traffic also gets affected by the snowfall but it happens very rarely because of the location of the railway lines (Christopher and Tang, 2006). During summers very hot climate is discovered in Australia from September to April. The railway logistics of Qube is highly affected due to extreme hot conditions, The railway lines are buckled due to conduction of metals (George et al. 2004). Also road logistics are affected as, there are many items that are perishable and need to be maintained in cool temperatures. Meat and fish products are commonly travelled and have to be properly refrigerated (Deveshwar and Rathee, 2010). Also, Australia has been the country where natural disasters are witnessed often. Bushfires, cyclones and flood damage the infrastructure and machineries. Time delay is naturally a cause of disasters. Also during disasters, the need of supplies can increase and it gets difficult to manage the delivery of products at specific time (Deveshwar and Rathee, 2010). Other Challenges There are also several other challenges that companies may come across that do not fit into any of the above categories. They are described below. Rising Fuel Prices The statistics from BITRE 2008 shows that the roads and freight rates in Australia were increased due to rising fuel prices. The rising fuel prices affect the overall cost of the company. The rise in fuel prices affects the company enormously. Due to this, the costs of transportation also increase (George et al. 2004). Different Rail Gauges The proposition of three different rail gauges has resulted in to a challenge. It signifies that the three trains cannot continue to travel on various tracks and the cargo must be unloaded. Maintenance work on infrastructure like roads and rail results in transportation delay. Considering the competitors of Qube Logistics, large logistics companies like Toll Holdings and Linfox hold a huge percentage of the market share. They also cover various operations and logistics. These companies as well a new company looking to enter the market, may run into challenges for Qube Logistics.. Toll Holdings itself have acquired many smaller companies during the last decade (Ila et al. 2008). Also the current road and rail infrastructure shall be inadequate to cope with the future demand. There are questions regarding how can the company use existing road and rail infrastructure more efficiently? Funding is the main problem for developing the rail logistics (George et al. 2004). Possible Solutions: It has been witnessed that Qube logistics faces the challenges due to some factors that almost every logistic company in Australia may face. There can be ultimate solutions that can be applied to reduce the issues that are faced by the company (Ila et al. 2008). As discussed, Road traffic and congestion is the main problem faced in terms of transportation. As a solution to this, with the cooperation and permissions of local state government, road changes can be applied to improve the traffic flow. Also the use of public transportation can be motivated to reduce traffic. The company shall relocate or establish the warehouses away from the city so that, the internal traffic of the city would not affect the transportation and delivery time. A procedure of allowing heavy materials to travel in the city during fixed timings can be followed. The city vehicles should be excluded from travelling during the special entry timings of heavy vehicles (George et al. 2004). Qube logistics can hire planning specialists, to analyze every route, that may lead to heavy traffics, blockages, road closures assuring that these conditions would not affect the transportation. Also the loads in the shall be increased to minimize the number of trips, but not exceeding the maximum limit of weight that a vehicle can carry Gunjan Rambabu, 2011). Considering vast distance between countries in Australia, bigger loads should be supplied to reduce the number of trips Different modes of transportation such as railway should considered for supplying goods to distant places. Dealing with local suppliers would eliminate the need of transportation at distant places. Qube has a number of local suppliers in the cities they have the terminals. Thus, continuing this practice will be more beneficial (George et al. 2004). Hiring drivers with great focus and efficiency and considering driver exhaustion will decrease the chances of injuries and accidents. Also the company shall conduct training programs for the drivers for safe transportation (Ila et al. 2008). The vehicles through which transportation is done should have some protection equipment to deal with any damage. Regarding the green logistics, the company can use the technologies that are environmentally friendly. For example, the evaluation of the fuel use can be done (Gunjan and Rambabu, 2011). It is witnessed that the climatic changes affect the companys transportation on a large scale. This factor is never going to be completely solved as, the climate changes are constant. In this situation, the company can plan for alternative routes that can be taken while snow falls and road blockages. Also to avoid the climate change, the weather forecast is an efficient solution (George et al. 2004). The vehicles used for transportation, during summers cause the problem of exhaustion and heating temperatures. Many cooling technologies can be used in the warehouses and vehicles for avoiding combustion and also to maintain the goods. Rising fuel prices have shaken not only the domestic logistics of Qube but also international logistics. To avoid these changes to affect the company, training sessions should be conducted for drivers encasing the methods to improve the fuel economy. The vehicles should be maintained regularly to enhance the fuel economy. Also the company can consider getting in partnership with the fuel companies, so that the cost of the fuel decreases for each purchase (Ila et al, 2008). To sustain in the market, Qube logistics should come up with different strategies to build up more media of transportation. The cost of transport can be notably reduced if the company has local dealers in every city to provide the goods. The motive of Qube logistics is to be one of the largest logistic supplier in Australia. For this it needs to develop and establish centers or terminals in the maximum cities it is possible to build. Due to this it will be able to connect the cities and states and integrate the whole country as a network. It is very important to manage the goods and maintain the quality of the goods that are supplied by the company. Various measures should be taken to handle and prevent the goods from any damage and defect while transportation. This will lead to complete satisfactory supply of the goods resulting in customer satisfaction. This way, Qube can develop its reputation among customers for reliable services. This will make the customers return with more bus iness changes (Gunjan and Rambabu, 2011). Qube logistics is into many modes of logistics. It should plan the most economic mode of transport mode for each delivery. The company is to establish more rails logistic so it should evaluate the current problems that the logistics companies are facing regarding the railway line. The best transportation mode should be selected for various kinds of deals depending on the quantity of the goods. The most economical mode of transport should be selected. The most cost effective or economical logistics that have a better planning regarding different routes should be considered during climatic changes (Gunjan and Rambabu, 2011). Most of the solutions that are suggested for the betterment of the company are majorly associated with the government issues. These changes can be applied if the government of NSW allows and permits the changes. For example, motorways for companies can be built in contract with the government. The road changes also can be done by the government officials. Considering the issues that the logistics is facing in Australia, the government can help the Qube logistics and also the other logistic companies to build rules and cover reconstructions for facilitating better transportation (Ila et al. 2008). Conclusion: Australia will always be facing the challenges in logistics sector. Both the domestic and International logistics face equal challenges regarding Transportation. Some challenges are easy to be solved while some solutions would take time to be implemented. Qube Logistics shall consider the strategies that can help it to eliminate the various challenges that are faced. Also, some challenges can be eliminated in coordination with the NSW government. The company can prepare plans and analysis to expand its rail logistics. The funding is available from the NSW government for infrastructure usage. Various barriers like the climate, environmental, biological issues can be solved only by planning and analyzing the conditions previously and by finding the alternative methods and technologies to avoid them. References: B.S. Sahay and Ramneesh Mohan (2003). Supply chain management practices in Indian industry. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 33: 7, 582-606. Christopher S. Tang (2006). Robust strategies for mitigating supply chain disruptions. International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applications, 9:1, 3345. C.M. Harland, R.C Lamming and P.D. Cousins (1999), Developing the Concept of Supply Strategy, International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 19, pp. 650673. Deveshwar and R. Rathee (2010), Challenges for Supply Chain Management in Todays Global Competitive Environment International Review of Business Research Papers, Volume 6. No. 2, pp. 194 203. George A. Zsidisin, (2004). An analysis of supply risk assessment techniques. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management , 34, 397 413. Gunjan Soni and Rambabu Kodali (2011). The strategic fit between competitive strategy and supply chain strategy in manufacturing industry: an empirical approach. Measuring business excellence, 15:2, 70-89. Ales (2009), Current Issues and Challenges of Supply Chain Management, International Conference on Automation information, World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society (WSEAS) ISSN:1790-5117, pp: 2-4. Ila Manuj, John T. Mentzer (2008). Global supply chain risk management strategies. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 38:3, 192-223.

Introduction to Management Financial Aspects

Question: Discuss about the Introduction to Managementfor Financial Aspects. Answer: Introduction Good management is one of the fundamental components that contribute to the success of organizations (Kenneth, 2014). Effective management creates directions for an organization and assists in communicating the vision internally and externally. This company has various management challenges that must be addressed for it to meet its goals and objectives. AAT lacks competent staff. Some of the people who should undertake critical activities in the organization have no skills for some of the basic things like simple database recording and emails. Robert, the finance worker, also finds it hard to provide clear and precise answers on financial aspects. This indicates that a lot needs to be done to equip the staff members with skills that can assist them to perform well in their duties. Another challenge facing this organization is resistance towards change. After Alex had realized that there was a need for changes to be done so as to lead the team into a more streamlined and less stressful existence, employees were very reluctant to change. Most of the staff members also resist the use of new technologies. These shows the staff members are connected to the old ways of doings things, and proper measures should be taken to help them change. Another problem that might impact good performance in this company is lack leaders who act as role models and employees who are committed towards work. For effective leadership, managers should act as role models by doing what is right (Liz, 2012). Sally the CEO arrives late at work and is off sick at least one day each fortnight. CEO is a senior person in an organization and should always lead by example. Arriving late at work and being off sick from time to time may make the other staff members develop the same habit. In the concepts of management, one of the key roles of managers is building and establishing a competent team of employees (Sandra, 2016). The AAT managers have not been exercising this responsibility because the company has incompetent employees. The management must ensure there is a team of employees who are skilled and are up to date with the changes that occur in their areas of specialization. Managers have the responsibility of leading, organizing, controlling and planning (Roger, 2011). Sally the CEO and other senior people in the organization seem not to have been taking their responsibilities. Instead of acting as a role model through reporting at work on time and on a daily basis, she is always late or absent from time to me and sends a list of things that should be done and sometimes forgets to make follow ups. This is an indication of a person who does not understand the responsibilities of a manager. Embracing the use of technology and innovation is part of managerial functions (Sandra, 2016). The management should make its employees understand the importance of information systems in an organization. The use of new technologies can assist an organization to reduce its costs and improve productivity. The issue of resisting the adaptation of new technologies may make this organization experience challenges in meeting the expectation of its clients. There are various measures which this organization can use to solve its management challenges. One of the measures is training (Roger, 2011). The management should organize for training programs for employees who seem to indicate incompetency while performing their duties. This will assist in equipping unskilled employees with the necessary skills that can help them to accomplish their tasks. The other way of addressing management challenges in AAT is helping all staff members to understand the importance of change. Employees may have change resistance because of various reasons like being connected the old way or fear for the unknown (Ravindra, 2014). The nature and role of work change from time to time and therefore restructuring certain aspects is necessary. The management should help the employees understand that change is both necessary and mandatory for organizations that wish to attain their goals. For the staff members to be committed to their tasks, the CEO should lead by example. Good Leaders are those who make good things happen (Petra, 2012). One of the best strategies of doing it is giving the employees a reason to believe and follow. Sally should report at work on time and demonstrate the importance of working hard to achieve the organizational goals. Proper management of nonprofit making organizations is the only strategy that can assist AAT to achieve its aims. This organization is faced with various challenges that are likely to prevent it from better performance. Some of these problems include lack of competency, change resistance, and lack of role models. To address these issues, the CEO, Alex and other managers should use various strategies like training the staff members, letting the employees know the importance of change and leading by example References Kenneth, M. B. 2014. Impact of Management Basics on Employee Engagement. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 13(2), 90-100. Liz. T. 2012. Managerial Perceptions of Crisis Leadership in Public and Private Organizations: An Interview Study in the United States. International Journal of Management, 29(2), 45-67. Petra. H. 2010. The Use of Operations Management Procedures in Order to Increase Organizations Competitiveness under the Conditions of Growing Pressures of Globalization. Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, 2(1), 56-89. Ravindra. J. 2015. Innovation Management: Strategies, Concepts and Tools for Growth and Profit. South Asian Journal of Management, 22(3), 56-89. Roger. D. 2011. Common Purpose: How Great Leaders Get Organizations to Achieve the Extraordinary. Naval War College Review, 62(4), 200-250. Sandra, G. D. 2016. Accountability Reporting in Austrian Non-Profit Organizations-More than a Compliance Instrument? Public Administration Quarterly, 40(2), 90-100.

Witch Hunts And Church Essays - Witchcraft, Magic,

Witch Hunts And Church I am a witch, now please kill me! Many innocent women happily welcomed death by confessing to witchcraft in order to end their excruciating torture during the witch hunt craze between 1450 and 1750. Since many records were lost, destroyed or never kept, the best estimation of the total deaths is several million (4). The main cause of the witch hunts was the Church inflicting fear upon the common and educated man by lying to them about what witches do and who they are. The Church also directly and indirectly increased the pain that accused women would go through during their torture. The Church made it clear, to all those who would listen, that all women were evil and capable of witchcraft. "The Bible's Apocrypha states, ?Of woman came the beginning of sin / And thanks to her, we all must die.'(Apocrypha, Ecclesiasticus 25:13-26.)" (2). Vicious comments like this caused even women themselves to fear what other women may do. This fear only lead to the distrust of woman. A book written by two German men, titled Malleus Maleficarum, "The Hammer of Witches", only furthered peoples fear of women's evil. It states that women are more likely to become witches: "?Because the female sex is more concerned with things of the flesh then men; because being formed from a man's rib, they are only ?imperfect animals' and ?crooked' where as man belongs to a privileged sex from whose midst Christ emerged.' (Malleus Maleficarum, 1486)"(2). The men that wrote Malleus Maleficarum refer to the bible for reasons to why they consider women evil, so if the Church had never incorporated such things into the bible such things may have never been thought. Many ancient myths portrayed goddess's as evil. Consequently those images of evil were kept and later attached to witches who kept goddess worship alive centuries later (4). Even devotion to the Virgin Mary (who is the biological mother of Jesus) was considered an indication of evil (2). One women, named Aldonca de Vargas, was even reported just for smiling at the mention of the Virgin Mary (Henry Kamen, Inquisition and Society in Spain) (2). Once a women was accused of witchcraft she would first have to confess in order to be executed. The torturing of accused women was so unbelievably horrid and sadistic that you would think a man of low standing would be the one to carry it out, but sadly it was the men of educated positions such as bishops, judges, professors and others. By doing the torture themselves it set them in a position of fear throughout the community and it is even said that "after the execution of a wealthy witch, officials [would treat] themselves to a banquet at the expense of the victim's estate. (Barbara Walker)"(2). All of the victim's estate became the property of the government as soon as they were accused. The torture was done in such a businesslike fashion that the relatives were charged for the victims torture and death (4). They were charged for such things as the "ropes that bound them and the wood that burned them. (Barbara Walker)."(2). Some methods of torturing the accused witches into confessing were thumbscrews, whips, red-hot tongs, and the rack, this lead to there bones being crushed, limbs severed and flesh seared. After being locked up and tortured for days on end, most women would confess in order to die and some would also accuse neighbors and friends hoping to end their own pain (4). Another method of determining the guilt of the accused was to stab needles into her eyes and if an insensitive spot was found then she was considered guilty. A Spanish church even went as far as to conform a statue of the Virgin Mary into a device of torture. They did this by covering the front side of the statue with sharp knives and nails, then they used levers to make the arms of the statue crush the accused against the knives and nails (Jean Plaidy, The Spanish Inquisition) (2). Men would also brutally attack the breasts and genitals of accused witches if they became sexually aroused around her, because it was thought that the ?witch' caused them to be. They attacked the breasts and genitals with pincers, red-hot irons and pliers (2). The Churches not only condoned all method's of witch torture but some church members would even perform the torture themselves. A bishop of Wurtzburg was proud to claim the lives of 1900 witchcraft accused people in five years (2). "Churchmen

A mistake can be corrected once found Essays

A mistake can be corrected once found Essays A mistake can be corrected once found Paper A mistake can be corrected once found Paper Learning this course has been very helpful to me. I have acquired skills in conducting researches. Making research is not just reading the references provided by any course instructor. You have to explore more using additional references of your own. In finding references you have to be more specific and do proper selection as some of them were not legitimate. After reading the references you have to find ways of integrating different ideas from different sources. You have to do proper comparison, contrasting, and be able to apply them to your own idea and what is really going on around in the past, and in the present. One indication of the effectiveness of your reading from different sources is when you test yourself by sharing what you have learned based on your own words and not by using the texts word for word from your readings. Sharing ideas in front of the class is very important. A mistake can be corrected once found. The most effective way to find any mistake in any class instruction is to collect ideas from each participating member of the class. It is very possible because each reader has their own understanding of what they have read. Doing the case study is also another way of measuring how a learner has acquired the learning objectives. Case studies enable the student to analyze particular cases, find problems, find solutions, and formulate conclusions. Completing case studies helped us master the process of professional problem solving. You have to identify problems, formulate your objectives, find related literatures, and conduct personal research and experiments. After that you have to integrate your literature readings and every data gathered from personal research and experiments in a discussion. Then afterwards you have to write recommendations and conclusion. Acquiring a skill in pursuing a Research or Study is the most important skill that I have acquired. It takes a lot of hardship and struggle but it is just a slight insight of what we are going to be as we pursue in our field. That is one of the things that I hate. There are situations where I got bored although I am particularly interested in the topic, but I got bored finding more references. All in all, I find my effort fair enough as I have gone this far already. The whole course about Health Information System has given me wider range of perspectives on the importance of Information systems in Health Care. Journeying back to the historical articles have given us a flashback of its early years and of how it has evolved from its traditional state into this present modern technology driven era. The evolution of the system was directly influenced by the impact of computers and the internet. It started as a local health information system that acquires and keeps records of health care and services data which had over years turned into an integrated system composed of health information networks from various locations. One of the biggest problems faced by its early promoters is enabling different network to share information coherently. The problem was solved by the application of JAD (Joint Application Design). Joint discussions of the processes in health information system were discussed on various perspectives of users, systems analysts, and systems modelers. Taking a standard Identification Number that could work from various computer systems and platforms was considered. To enable health information system users to access data from different location, the system was enabled on the internet. It was the first introduction of the system to the Web, which enables many clients to access data simultaneously.

The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 and How It Affected Education Essay

The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 and How It Affected Education - Essay Example The act suggested the following changes; Annual Testing: States were required to begin testing students from grades three to eight annually on reading, mathematics and science by 2008. These tests had to follow state academic standard. Moreover, in order to compare the states, every state was required to present a sample of fourth and eighth graders to participate in the National Assessment of Educational Progress testing program. Academic Progress: In order to monitor the progress of an educational institution, â€Å"states were required to bring all students up to the "proficient" level on state tests by the 2013-14 school year. Individual schools had to meet state "adequate yearly progress" targets† ("No child left," 2004). Report Cards: From the start of 2002-2003 school year, states were required to provide annual report cards of school districts that would show a wide range of information on the performance of schools and achievements of students. Teacher Qualifications: The qualification of teachers for schools was set on a standard basis and by 2005-2006 school year, all the teaching faculty hired had to have â€Å"completed at least two years of college, obtained an associate's degree or higher, or passed an evaluation to demonstrate knowledge and teaching ability.† ("No child left," 2004) Reading First: This act created a grant program called â€Å"Reading First† to help states organize â€Å"â€Å"scientific, research based† reading programs for children in grades K-3 (with priority given to high-poverty areas)† ("No child left," 2004). Funding: The act was primarily meant for school districts with higher concentration of underprivileged students. The states were given flexibility in allocating resources for the programs they were required to initiate. The act was subject to hot debate since its enactment as people from the education sector were concerned with its feasibility. The controversial debate rose to an iss ue that had to be addressed. The act has its ups and downs. The comparison of its pros and cons can enable us to critically analyze the depth of its impact. The act affected the education system in many positive ways. Factors that affected the US education system positively are the necessary components of a good assessment system. First and foremost is the accountability factor. The act held teachers and states accountable for the development and progress of the students. Report cards and Academic-progress monitoring were specifically conditioned for this purpose. The ultimate purpose of this act was to improve the education by bringing in the necessary reforms such as â€Å"reading first† and â€Å"annual testing†. This act provided equal opportunity to students, implying that every student could participate in his/her own intellectual development through the initiated programs. Another lucrative factor of this act was the standard for teachers to enter the teaching p rofession. Teachers have to pass a certified test (GACE) in order to teach. As a result of this clause the quality of teaching has improved. With the help of report cards, schools were graded relative to the adequate yearly progress target. If these schools fail to achieve the set target for two years straight, students would be offered choices of other public schools and if a school fails to achieve the set target for continued years than it can even face correctional measures. The last mentionable

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 7

Case Study Example l has been classified by majority of sport investigators as a game sport, which depends on ‘adenosine triphosphate-phosphocreatine system’ and ‘lactic acid system.’ Nevertheless, it has been argued that a large volume of literature on fitness testing in field and individual sports such as running and cycling are performed more consistently, while the same for court sports such as basketball is contended to be fairly less. In the past, investigations pertaining to physiological and anthropometric profiles of elite basketball players have been evaluated. Notably, the performance pertaining to team sport is generally associated with various factors, specifically fitness of the team members, psychological attributes, team strategies and sport-specific expertise among others. In the present day context, several changes in the rules and development of strategies have been witnessed in the domain of basketball (Schelling & Torres-Ronda, 2013). Correspondingly, such changes have resulted in increasing physical demands of basketball players (Scanlan, Dascombe, Reaburn & Dalbo, 2012). In order to be a successful basketball player, a well-built physical fitness is extremely important for an athlete. Alongside, body size of players and elements including experience, stamina, body composition, stability between anaerobic fitness and aerobic fitness are determined to be vital for evaluating the performance of successful players. Coaches as well as sport scientists are identified to use battery of sport-specific physical tests for evaluating the aforesaid factors such as body size and composition, stamina and aerobic fitness. Testing is usually performed to determine the changes in athletes as well as to draw understanding regarding the efficacy of training programs. Sports science research has established certain values for determining the degree of changes within-athletes as well as between-athletes (Drinkwater, Hopkins, McKenna, Hunt & Pyne, 2005). Lately developed

Comparing and Contrasting General Systems Theories Research Paper

Comparing and Contrasting General Systems Theories - Research Paper Example Mainly, the organizations whose their basic parts are elements of diverse orientation usually differing with the environment they are meant to operate and the relationship which exists amid them. However, in the core operation of the system it may be almost the same but as the system upgrades, to assume its core purpose it changes its modeling explanation that may have diverse mathematical modeling (Shaw, 2009). Information Systems Theory (IST) prior to the current connotation was principally limited to computer science (Von Bertalanffy, 2008). This encompasses computer organizing information, which today the term â€Å"information† is more general and requires more expounding and keen elucidation. Since, each system despite its core role is information centered; processing it for more effective operations meant to fulfill its main value as a system. IST in its actual argument, it implies that system as symbol encapsulated with an idiom. An Idiom refers to an intangible concep t mainly formulated to simply explanations for system symbols and their links. This offers a conceptual link amid set theory plus algebra especially in mathematical explanation (Von Bertalanffy, 2008). ... here it underlies all other entities to enhance more communication, hence offering effective linkage and relations of the entities and the common information space (Skyttner, 2006). These entities interacts further yielding to more multifaceted permutations. For instance, English language an idiom that is a universal concept primarily participates in offering space for the creation of sentences words and other correlated tasks, which will enable the stated language, emerge effectively, thus making understanding better. In mathematics, there a theoretical idiom that allows for the formation of mathematical statements and it accomplishment, hence proving the universal character of an idiom (Von Bertalanffy, 2008). Systems’ thinking, which yielded from Ludwig’s scholarly leaps in 1930s, meant to serve in the WWII (Skyttner, 2006). This was especially in the logistics in ensuring effective attainment of exact soldiers’ population as the war proceeded. System thinking implies how diverse entities in a certain environment co-exist without any dictation from any part entity. It involves dilemma resolution, essentially by having wide perspective of â€Å"problems† as a whole system rather than definite part, results or tasks that may prompt to additional inadvertent consequences (Skyttner, 2006). This proves that system thinking cannot be singular, but set of numerous aspects. These mainly, comprise habits or practices, which make the co-existing entities, live harmoniously. Consequently, implying that the systems parts can best understood by observing or studying their relationships and interactions they poses, which expounds unmistakably their condition of information (Von Bertalanffy, 2008). System’s components also depicts information in the manner interact with

Internal And External Factors That Impact Organisational Business Essay

Internal And External Factors That Impact Organisational Business Essay Every company has an unique organisational culture. Its culture derives from its past, its present, its current people, technology and physical resources and from the aims, objectives and values of those who work in the organisation (Lynch 2003). In recent years there has been increasing recognition of the role that organisational culture plays in the formulation and implementation of firm strategies and in influencing the success of those strategies. According to Deal and Kennedy (1982) research, they also stated that organisational culture defines the success or failure of organisation. Therefore, it is important to understand culture in an organisation as to help organisational leader in making management decision and in achieving excellences strategy. It is necessary to view strategic management from a cultural perspective because successful organisational performance often rests upon the degree of support that strategies receive from the organisations culture (Hodge 1996). Organisational Culture Definition of Organisational culture and its importance to strategic management. When any group of people live and work together for any length of time, they form and share beliefs about what is right and proper. They establish behaviour patterns based on their beliefs, and their actions often become matters of habit which they follow routinely. These beliefs and ways of behaving create the culture of the organisation. Culture is a pattern of shared tacit assumptions that was learned by a group as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, which has worked well enough to be considered valid in organisation and it is necessary to be taught to new members as the correct way to think, perceive, and feel in relation to those problems that occur in many organisation today (Schein 2009). Culture also influences the selection of people for particular jobs, which in turn affects the way in which tasks are carried out and decisions are made in an organisation. With the word of organisation added to the definition of culture, it can be defined as the patterns of beliefs, values and learned ways of coping with experience that have developed during organisations history, and which tend to be manifested in the behaviours of its members (Brown 1998). Organisational culture is the taken-for-granted assumptions and behaviours that make sense of peoples organisational context and it contributes to how groups of people respond and behave in relation to issue they face. It means that culture has important influences on the development of organisational strategy. Strong organisational cultures are important strategic asset as it is the heart of all strategy creation and implementation. In the early 1980s, Berry (1983) mentioned that by using culture, organisations could become more strategically effective. In order to support this statement, the popular global online book-seller known as amazon.com, used their culture which described as intensely customer-focused to drives their organisational strategy creation by focusing more on intensive training of each individual employee as these could reinforce the culture. As the result of using their culture and become more strategically effective, todays amazon.com has become one of the most successful online shop worldwide (Bezos 2007). Moreover, an effective strategic leader should understand and shape the culture of organisation in order that vision can be pursued and intended strategic implemented. This is something that leaders of Apple Inc. have applied, by leveraging their culture of innovation toward product as well as internal processes; they have been able to survive among their competitors as well as venture into new and profitable markets. In fact that in third quarter of 2012, Apple Inc. has made more than $35 billion revenue as this determine their success in technology industry (Fekete 2001). Moreover, organisational culture is dependent on the leadership such as particular individuals. For example, organisational culture of the body shop company is b ased on the commitment of their founder, Anita Roddick, to produce only environmentally friendly products (McGuire 2009). Through her commitment, nowadays The Body Shop has grown and prospers to become large and international businesses. From all examples above, it shows us the connection between culture and strategy of an organisation is necessary in order to understand roles of culture that affect the creation and implementation of strategy in an organisation. Key characteristics of culture in an organisation. There are some key characteristics of culture in an organisation. Firstly, culture can be shaped by people as employees personality and experience create the culture of an organisation. For example, if most of employees are very outgoing, the culture in the organisation likely to be open and sociable. The other characteristics are culture is negotiated; this is because culture cannot be created by only individual person. Employees must try to change the work environment, the direction, the way work is performed, or the manner in which decisions are made within the general norms of the workplace. Its difficulty to change is another characteristic of organisational culture (Heathfield 2012). Changing in culture require people to change their behaviours. It is often hard for people to unlearn their old way of doing things, and to start performing the new behaviours consistently. It takes time and effort to change the culture in an organisation especially in firms with strong culture. Ol der strong culture organisations have established stories, use symbols, conduct rituals and even use their own language. In this type of strong culture organisations, the core values are widely shared, respected and protected. However, according to Beamish (2008) research, he argued that culture is not static. He mentioned although a strong culture is extremely resistant to change but culture is not static. Once a culture is established in an organisation, it tends to be reinforced by the types of leaders chosen, by the selection, induction and training processes, by the systems, procedures and structures, and by the statements and communications of senior leaders about the way things are done around organisation. In addition, overtime, the environment changes, new technologies develop, new social norms occur, and new competitors emerge, cultures will evolve to match these developments (Beamish 2008). For example, as new technology developed, CEO of General Electronic (GE), Jack Wel ch develop new strategy calledGrowYourBusiness.com, aimed at getting the various businesses to embrace electronic commerce as the new way of doing business and this had a significant effect on the required culture (McGuire and Rhodes 1999). Benefits of electronic commerce are cost saving, provide faster answers for customers and offer more interesting assignments for employees. Nowadays most of GEs customers are using web to track orders, sometimes right to the location of a delivery van and instantly getting details of products. The last characteristics of organizational culture is more than one culture might which means that two or more subcultures might exist in same organisation. However, most of the researchers assume that there should be a single culture for the organisation (Stanford 2010). It might be true for small or extremely focused or geographically concentrated organisations, but for organisations with a broad range of products, customers and geographical locations, se parate subcultures are necessary. For examples, the China operation of a multinational manufacturer seeking low-cost production will have quite a different culture from its sales and marketing operation in Singapore and Australia, where the company is trying to present an up-market image. Therefore it is important for an organisation to have appropriate cultures in each unit and to be able to coordinate these cultures for the benefit of the organisation as a whole. Internal and external factors that impact organisational culture. Organisational culture is subjective by several factors which affect its development, performance and growth. Organisational culture originates and keeps evolving from the dynamics of the interaction between internal and external factors (Wilson and Bates 2003). Internal factors consist of organisations values, leadership style and structure (Kwamme 2010). Values in an organisation determine the inner culture of each individual employee. Moreover, managerial focus and leadership style has known as the contributor of shaping organisational culture as it could preserve an innovative and creative culture in an organisation. Healthy organisational structure includes procedures, expectations and policies are likely for employee to be motivated, more efficient and creative that could influence the culture in an organisation. On the other, external factors that affect organisational culture, includes business relationships, technology, laws and policies (Kwamme 2010). Business relationships have a great impact on employees behaviour and the culture in an organisation. For instance, if an organisation has association with a further business and that business is based on high prospects, staff may react in their working as the reason of those high prospects. As the result of todays technology advancement, it could lead to changing in culture of an organisation particularly with an increasing interaction between human and machine. Furthermore, technological creating competitive organisational culture as it reduces face-to-face interaction between human. Lastly, organisational regulations, policies and external work related acts significantly influences organisational culture, for example employee who work in organisation that performs a strict work to rule policy, they exhibit characteristics such as do things as they are told, less passionate about their job and refuse to be creative, thus it could directly change the whole culture in an organisation. This combination of internal and external factors will influence the organisations culture and have an effect on interpersonal relations. What is important is to be aware of it and to take account of how plans to develop the organisation may be affected by and affect its culture (Wilson and Bates 2003). Organisational cultures and organisations performance Studies of Peter and Waterman (1982) stated that high-performance organisations usually have strong organisational culture. A strong culture will help to align the elements required for effective implementation. Each organisation in same industry requires different business strategies. Different strategies require different cultures. Clearly, the culture of the organisation needs to be matched to the business strategy of the organisation. The issue is to align the culture with the strategy, not to seek some ideal culture. There are some views on the relationship between organisational cultures on organisations performance. The most common one known as strong-culture thesis, that assumed the commitment of employees and managers to the same set of values, beliefs and norms will have positive results that directly correlated with the level of profits in a company (Dess 2008). It is possible that success brings about a common set of orientations, beliefs and values. This culture may be m ore than just a by-product of high performances, but values and meanings may reproduce a successful organisation and thus contribute to performances. Since the cultural values are observable and measurable, it can be compared directly between organisations, employees and organisational performance. Recently, employee engagement has become a key measure of peoples commitment to the organisational culture and high scores have been linked to high organisational performance. For example, Italian eye ware and eye care company Luxottica improved its employee engagement and achieved improved performance. This company found that employees in its Australian and New Zealand operation of total 6500 people were disengaged and 56% of them did not understand the business strategy. However after employee engagement program was constructed which include understanding the culture of the organisation, Luxottica has achieved 15% of improvement in engagement, 30% reduction in recruitment costs and an 8 % reduction in turnover (Story 2009). Many business leaders are convinced that culture does have a substantial influence on performance. Therefore, when an organisation performs consistently at their capability, the outcome is not only improved strategic success but also an organisational culture permeated with a spirit of high organisational performance. Organisational culture influence on strategy Because of its crucial role in organisation performance, it is necessary to examine the relationship between culture and strategy because chance of success will be higher if there is a close incident fit between culture and strategy. Organisational cultures should be accompanied by any changes in strategy of organisation; otherwise the strategy is probably failed. In other hand, if supportive cultural arrangement is supported by right strategy, most likely the strategy will be succeeding (Montanari, Morgan and Bracker 1990). The taken-for-granted nature of culture makes it centrally important in relation to strategy and the management of strategy. George Davis (2010), the founder of clothing retailers Next and GIVe, sees culture as central to management. He added that culture is the thing that makes us do things and stops us doing things. There are benefits in the taken-for-granted nature of culture. Josephine Dumont (2010) supported this view and stated that because of all employees take as given the way the firm operates, it reduces the need for constant supervision. The stronger the fit between culture and strategy, the less managers have to depend on policies, rules and procedures, which means that lesser supervision needed to enforce what people should and should not do. There are then benefits to the taken-for-granted aspect of culture. Moreover, a positive culture might influence in achieving strategy in an organisation. For example, Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) is the second largest financial institution in the world which comprises of more than 10,000 offices in eighty countries. HSBC has their own unique and effective culture as part of its strategic management. One of the known practices within the HSBC organisational culture is its regard for work-ethic endorsement. This practice involves the careful screening of employees with the necessary skills and high potential for improvement. Through this culture, the HSBC are able to cr eate an effective workforce that is determined to succeed and is highly committed to work. It believes that when employees are highly committed with their job and always do their very best, it could help in achieving strategy and plan in an organisation. Business strategies of HSBC are to increase revenue growth, developing brand strategy further, improving productivity and maintaining the companys prudent risk management and strong financial position (HSBC 2011). According to appendix 1, it shows the effect of culture in an organisation to strategy development. In the situation of declining performance of an organisation, managers or leaders need to improve the implementation of existing strategy such as trying to lower cost, improve efficiency, tighten controls or improve accepted way of doing things. If this not effective, a change of strategy may occur, however change in line with the existing culture. For example, when there are attempts to change highly bureaucratic organisations to be customer-oriented so there is a need to change a cultures of an organisation. However, some employees do not readily to accept the cultural change in an organisation as they are used to the culture they had before. People prefer the familiar and typical culture as to minimise uncertainty or ambiguity in the organisation. The connection between success and culture may seem obvious as successful business is the result of successful execution of a good strategy, and therefore culture is all about execution (Stanford 2010). Strategy can be effectively implemented only when an organisations culture is both strong (consistent) and healthy (employees are engaged and committed, customers are satisfied and other stakeholders are included in organisational discussions). Appendix 2 summarises the link between the two through the case of Southern Airlines. They believe that the link between strategy and its culture are the one of the reasons that makes this organisation become successful. The culture in an organisation is strong as there is consistency of what people see, hear and feel about it and employees are clear of how things are done and are willing and able to help the airline achieve its goals. Furthermore, their business strategy is good includes stretching and addressing short-term and longer-term goa ls and they are clearly articulated. As the result of the strong culture and good strategy, Southern Airlines has reached their business success in airline industry. The CEO of Southeast Airline, Gary Kelly (2009) added that strong culture contributes to business success and is instrumental in some of the strategic decision of the organisation. Organisational Culture and Strategic Decision Nowadays, terms of strategic is used more often in its broader sense, including strategic decision. There are some important key elements of strategic decisions that are related primarily to the organisations ability to add value and compete in market place (Lynch 2003). This include making sustainable decisions that can be maintained over time, it must be able to delivers sustainable competitive advantages over its actual or potential competitors, it has to exploit the many linkages that exist between the organisation and its environment and lastly it must have the ability to move the organisation forward a significant way beyond the current environment. Therefore, it is the responsibility of strategic decision maker to reach and maintain key elements of good strategic decision to an organisation. It is important to a strategic decision maker to make decisions by considering the different cultures, agencies, agendas, personalities and desires in an organisation (Guillot 2003). Strat egic decision makers must not only be aware of the culture within an organisation, but they must also work to shape an organisations culture to help achieve its objectives. If an organisation needs to improve the publics perception of its customer service, then strategic decision makers must steer the organizations culture so it promotes or encourages high achievement in customer service activities. Changing an organisations culture helps guard against unethical or illegal behaviour by members of the organization. Organisational culture directly affects how the members of the organisation view and interact with the environment the organisation operates in, including their interactions with the general public. For example, Howard Levin, President and CEO of Digicon Electronics, he took the time to understand the company as an organisation and he even undertook the benchmarking the companys culture against companies with reportedly effective business culture and not just in that indus try. Every operational improvement and new strategic decisions he undertook was linked to the new culture that he was building for the company. He was determined that the company would have a culture that would support enlightened leadership. Over time, the student of culture became the teacher as Digicon became an industry leader (Want 2006). Conclusion In conclusion, this academic essay has explored the role of culture in the overall scheme of organisation in terms of strategic management. An organisational culture is observable and powerful force in organizational that can influence the development and change of organizational strategy. Culture and strategic management of the organisation are closely tied together. Adjustment in one often signals the need for changes in the other. Therefore, strategic system approach emphasizes the need for alignment between culture and all other aspects of the organisation. It is important for organisation to have creative and learning organization in order to improve companys efficiency and effectiveness, as well as being the source of inspiration on changing and improving organisation. Moreover, it is a power and beneficial potential when culture and organisations performance well integrated in a set of effective values, beliefs and behaviours with the purpose of achieving organisations systems since cultural values are observable and measureable through stakeholders (organization, employees and organizational performance). In addition, a chance of success will be higher in organization if there is a close incident fit between culture and strategy. When culture has clear values, beliefs and behaviours and it connects to the vision, objectives and strategic, it will encourage to the right behaviours and actions on supporting the strategy. Therefore, with understanding of organisational culture, strategic leader will be able to make a wiser decision by means adapting with external environment on strategy formulation and encourage and leads his/her people on strategy implementation.

Terry Tempest Williams Refuge Essay -- Refuge Terry Tempest Essays

Terry Tempest Williams' Refuge In Refuge, Terry Tempest Williams weaves together her experiences and relationships with family and nature, two major themes of Refuge, as well as two apparently important aspect of Williams’ life. The book is the story of the destruction of her family and the nature surrounding her, but it is these places that are being destroyed are the same places where Terry Tempest Williams finds comfort before, during and after cancer started to consume her life. I believe on the surface it is nature and family that provides her with comfort, but in actuality, it is something beneath the surface. As a young child, Williams was taught through the Mormon teachings to appreciate nature and family, finding God in both. It is through her Mormon faith that Williams is able to survive the pain, suffering and fear cancer causes her. Williams describes the deep-rooted connection between her Mormon faith and her family in the opening pages of Refuge. Through her family, Williams supported her mother and grandmother through their fatal cancers, while acknowledging that her Mormon faith stresses family and community (Williams 13), providing Williams, her mother and her grandmother with a support network through these difficult times. The National Cancer Institute articulates the importance of this support to a cancer patient, suggesting, â€Å"that having good information and support services can make it easier to cope,† adding, â€Å"friends and relatives can be very supportive,† and concluding with the usefulness of support groups (NCI website www.nci.nih.gov). In Refuge, Williams shows her support by sacrificing her own achievements, stating, â€Å"I have traded my position as curator of education for naturalist-in-resistanc... ...cember 2004): 1210-1214. Spiegel, David. â€Å"Spirituality and Cancer.† Integrating Research on Spirituality and Health and Well-being into Service Delivery Conference. Bethesda, Maryland. April 2005. Death is another beginning and What happens to families after death? 2005. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Site. April 12, 2005 www.mormon.org Spirituality in Cancer Care: Health Professional Version. March 22, 2005. National Cancer Institute Website. April 11, 2005 www.nci.nih.gov/cancertopics/pdq/supportivecare/spirituality/healtherprofessional.com Support for Women with Breast Cancer. October 30, 2003. National Cancer Institute Website. March 30, 2005. www.nci.nih.gov/cancertopic/wyntk/breast/page5 Expressing Emotions Helps Women with Breast Cancer. June 12, 2000. American Cancer Society Website. March 30, 2005. www.cancer.org

Civilization vs. Savagery Essay

Counterpoint is a common literary device used by many authors in a variety of forms of literature. It gives the work contrast and interest as well as a diverse insight into two completely different ideas or opposites. The main counterpoint presented in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies would be the idea of civilization vs. savagery. This motif is presented throughout the novel. The idea that humans are constantly battling their feral instincts and civilized ideals is a theme that is deeply and extensively explored. Golding acquaints civilization with good, and savagery with evil. He uses symbolic characters and objects in order to convey his themes and ideas. He represents the opposing forces of civilization and savagery with the two main characters: Ralph, the protagonist, who represents order and leadership; and Jack, the antagonist, who represents savagery and the desire for power. Among these characters there are many others who react to the conflict in different ways. T he conflict between these opposites is the driving force of the novel. When it comes down to the idea of civilization, Golding implies that civilization is something forced upon humans by society, and not something one is instinctively drawn to. Civilization is merely just a mask of ones instincts. Ralph is the perfect example of the desire for civilization among the boys of the island. He expresses this quality when he states, â€Å"We’ve got to have rules and obey them. After all, we’re not savages. We’re English, and the English are best at everything† (Golding 2.192). The boys still desire their previous, ordered life they left back in England. Ralph is the symbol of supressing one’s natural savage instincts, he feels the thrill and exhilaration of barbarity but manages to subdue these spirits. Piggy is also an example of the human need for civilization. Not once in the novel does he display savage feelings or undertones. This shows just how badly the human race strives for civilization, but it is not something org anic. The counterpoint to the idea of civilization in Lord of the Flies would be the theme of savagery. Golding seems to suggest throughout the novel that a humans savage instincts are far more powerful then the desire for civilization. The perfect character to acquaint to the theme of savagery would be Jack. Jack thrives off of dominance and power. He exemplifies these traits during the murder of Simon: The sticks fell and the mouth of the new circle crunched and screamed. The beast was on its knees in the center, its arms folded over its face. It was crying out against the abominable noise something about a body on the hill. The beast struggled forward, broke the ring and fell over the steep edge of the rock to the sand by the water. At once the crowd surged after it, poured down the rock, leapt on to the beast, screamed, struck, bit, tore. There were no words, and no movements but the tearing of teeth and claws. (Golding 9.89-99) The boys revert to their instinctive ferocious roots, having no mercy on their fellow human. They cruelly murder Simon as if he were a wild animal. Roger is also a good example of savagery in the novel. As the idea of civilization on the island begins to become a distant memory, Roger lets himself become victim of his most basic human instincts. This is first apparent to the reader when Roger throws rocks at the littluns, and after his murder of the pig which was much more brutal then necessary. Roger is also the leading culprit in the loss of Piggy. He was the one who pushed the boulder down the hill inevitably causing Piggy’s death. While Jack feeds off the idea of power, Roger revolves around causing pain. He symbolizes the sadistic instincts of mankind, and having to suppress the desire to hurt others in order to function in society. William Golding uses counterpoint to his advantage in the writing of his novel Lord of the Flies. He clearly expresses the conflict between the complex human need for civilization and mankind’s savage instincts. He expresses the struggle extensively using the characters in the novel to portray both sides. Savages vs. those who struggle to keep civility. The novel deeply explores the concept of human instincts overpowering one’s facade of civilization put on for the rest of society. How, when left up to their own devices, humans are capable of doing the unthinkable. Works Cited Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. London: Faber and Faber, 1954.

A Taste of Blackberries Short Stories Comparison

A Taste of Blackberries Short Stories Comparison Although Hunnicut’s and Norris’s stories of the same title, â€Å"Blackberries,† are set in completely different environments and feature completely different characters, the two authors manage to touch upon surprisingly similar issues.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on A Taste of Blackberries: Short Stories Comparison specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Plotwise, the two stories have little to no elements that make them similar to each other; one might think that blackberries would be the glue that would hold the two stories together and suggest the least bit of cohesion; however, the given element seems strangely setting the two stories apart to even further degree. On the one hand, there is a clear indication that blackberries as a symbol are used in the same way in both texts; in fact, the same words are used to describe the process of tasting the berries: â€Å"She mashed it with her tongue, che wed and swallowed† (Hunnicut 72) and â€Å"The boy put the blackberry in his mouth. He rolled it with his tongue, feeling its irregularity, and crushed it against the roof of his mouth† (Norris 74). However, despite the similarities, the aftertaste left by the blackberries is different in each novel. While in the first piece, the berries are used as a symbol of the relationships of the couple that have probably themselves in a dead end, in the second story, blackberries symbolize youth and hope. Moreover, in the story of a boy and his father taking a walk across the forest, blackberries appear to cement the friendship between them, therefore, allowing the readers to see the process of bonding between the father and his son in a very innocent and at the same time touching way: â€Å"When he laughed his father saw that his mouth was deeply stained. Together they picked and ate the dark berries, until their lips were purple and their hands marked and scratched† (Nor ris 73); in the first novel, the berries, on the contrary, are supposed to embody the feeling of hopelessness that both the husband and the wife found themselves in, as well as the lack of connection between the two. When it comes to the themes and issues raised in both novels, the similarities between the stories, however, come out in full blue. Even though Norris’s story seems to have a much more upbeat tempo as the process of bonding between the father and the son is described, as soon as the two return from their forest walk, a conflict unwraps at the end of the novel: â€Å"His mother’s face was red and distorted, her voice shrill† (Norris 73).Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The characters are very diverse in both short stories, yet there is a clear link between them. To start with, none of the stories has a protagonist – there is no good or bad character, but simply people with their complex personalities, and who happen to be in complicated situations. In Hunnicut’s story, neither the husband or the wife are to blame for the wall of alienation between them; or, to be more exact, each of them is to blame to the same extent. Likewise, in Norris’ short novel, the mother and the father start a conflict out of nothing simply because they have stuck in their daily routine Speaking of the settings in both stories, one must mention that, despite the seeming dissimilation between them, these settings, in fact, have more in common than meets the eye. For example, though Hunnicut’s story takes place somewhere in the suburbia, while Norris clearly places her characters in the realm of countryside. However, both places are quiet and inviting, which emphasizes the conflicts between the characters to an even greater degree. Two separate worlds created by two different authors, the two stories share certain features. Even though set in different universes, they have a lot in common; and, weirdly enough, major differences in them often contribute to the creation of even stronger links between the stories. Hunnicut, Ellen. â€Å"Blackberries.† Literature: A World of Writing Stories, Poems, Plays, and Essays. Ed. David L. Pike and Ana Acosta. London, UK: Pearson Longman. 2010. 71–73. Print. Norris, Leslie. â€Å"Blackberries.† Literature: A World of Writing Stories, Poems, Plays, and Essays. Ed. David L. Pike and Ana Acosta. London, UK: Pearson Longman. 2010. 73–75. Print.

Essay Sample on Utah and Opera Symphony A Merger Analysis

Essay Sample on Utah and Opera Symphony A Merger Analysis A. Comparison between the two companies. Traditionally hierarchy has a control chain of command and structure for both Utah and Opera symphony. This process of joining all these systems from different organizations is referred to as integration. An organizations life cycle fits well within the aspect of integration; cycles of acquisition in which enterprises by come into partnership with other organizations and eventually do away with other businesses. The most significant thing for one to note is the acquisition of the business documents of the organization within the merger (Bergelin, 2000). It is an efficient way and essential element of many organizations. Before Utah symphony was merged with opera symphony its financial status was uninviting. Scott Parker who is the chairperson of the board understood the situation and noted it. The fall of the economy and event of 9/11 aggravated the situation. However, before the economies fall and 9/11, symphony was at a verge of deficit situation. Scott Parker assumed his position and tried to make the situation lesser. Emphasis is laid on the success of the organization and the power of leadership. In both companies, employees are the actual performers and their input is absorbed from the top to the lowest level of their management, and they are considered for worthy. The central issue that affected the companies is the structure of the organization because they differed in ideas. The boards of directors were answerable to by the Music Directors and CEO’s. Lockhard saw it as an affront to his dignity by reporting to Ewers even though she was energetic and a good listener. Ewers compulsory approach may be good in some circumstances, but it would hinder the flexibility of the organization and depress employee’s morale of working. This would affect Utah Opera since it does not keep his orchestra but entirely depend on Utah symphony’s services. Opera could not function on its own without an orchestra, and it would be disband. Utah symphony has a significant role in work flow. It in fluences information flow, job responsibilities and increases communication network both in and out of the organization. Symphony became the first orchestra form the western united stated to tour internationally. Musicians employed by the USO earned full salary and received a contract for a year unlike those from opera. They were able travel several cities and perform concerts due to their good managers and financial stability. The collapse of the stock market due to the weak economy and tragic that occurred in September 11, 2001 led to their decline in public. Opera started creating opportunities for upcoming artist to develop their talents there (Bergelin, 2000). Symphony is categorized in the society as classified in that companies depend on its instrumentalists for their success. Apparently it is a symphony whereby all conductors work together with all the instruments to produce attractive music. However, all the decision makers know that they must treat the employees excellent and respect the views of the artists in order to operate well. Utah opera would be classified as a flexible in that they are different from most other operas. Their main focus is on trying latest forms of opera and exercising new audience in order to acquire more people who are interested in joining it through their website. Opera goes further by visiting schools to get listeners who might appreciate their art but have never been exposed to it in any way. It mainly focuses on modernity and how people view it. By doing this, they gain more audience. However, Utah symphony mainly focuses on traditional art, trying to perform well as a group rather than acquiring new id eas or listeners. Utah opera seem to have all their decisions made at the top most level; however, the symphony gives more powers to their performers and instrumentalists (Morrison, 2009). In order for Utah opera to attain the goals that it requires then there are some main things that it must just adhere to. Success of Utah opera mainly depend on both the entities whereby one organization should not look down upon the other organization in ideologies and views. Incase this happens then Symphony will be down falling the opera’s music however, the merger of the two forms of music would form a great entertainment. Besides that, both the entities should merge to form a single organization that has same a target. The power of the hierarchy must be defined in that all the members know their role and responsibilities within it, and there is no confusion in both boards of directors (Morrison, 2009). B. Audience strategy for Anne Ewers to use when preparing to speak Ewers should have more energy in appealing and speaking to the audience so that she is viewed as a dangerous leader. This will create a good relationship between her and the rest of the employees who are not sure of the newly merged organization. By being serious it will indicate that she has a clear vision for the company, is heading it towards the right direction and is sure of her position. The audience will feel secure and have confidence in her since she has knowledge about the industry and it environment (Morrison, 2009). Ewers should use the right language to show that it is her line of career and profession. However, if changes are be made in the organization then they should be drastic not at made at once. She should tackle problems arising in the organization with confidence because it is a new organization and be ready to explain and give solutions that can benefit the organization and the employees. Ewers should accept corrections and be approachable to her audience. This would give her workers confidence and come to her with concerns and suggestions that will be minor but of high importance to the organization since they will need undivided attention for solution. Furthermore, Ewers should avoid segregation between the management and other employees and this will motivate the employees because they will know that they are working as a team and towards the same goal. Being a mirror of the organization, the executive and employees should not have conflicts at all times. In case of any down fall of the organization in any way then she should hold a meeting where all the members and employees are present, start by giving the positive and best performance that the organization has achieved then follow with the short fall that the organization has encountered (OECD, 2011). She should give room for contribution after her presentation to. In her message, Ewers should assure both entiti es of her support. She should explain to both the organizations about her reaction on the direction and goals of each side by pointing out the problems how they will be dealt with and ensure both the entities are comfortable with the merger. Furthermore, Ewers put a lot of emphasize on the importance of everyone working towards the mission and vision of Utah opera. In cases where the employees are divided about the goals of the company it is likely to lead to reduced motivation within the company and dissatisfaction among the employees. In addition, Ewers should ensure that both Symphony and Opera give support to each other instead of fighting and targeting the down fall of each other so as to capitalize on it. Finally, if there is support and not competition relationship between the two organizations then both of them are likely to emerge winners in their work (OECD, 2011). C. Technology tools that can be used after the merger Management information improvement practice is a main idea for many organizations, throughout both private and public sectors. In many cases, management of information means using new technology ideas such as document for management system, content and application of portals that would bring together these two entities have all their vital data in one database. This database would be easily accessible when required by both entities. It would cut on expenditure, resources, and time. For example, Ewers wanted to find out how tickets would sell during winter on the upcoming concert. She could look for the sale of the previous tickets in the database so as to make an informed decision on how well the tickets of the current concert would sell. A statistical system would help her in predicting the expenditure and the value of the venue of performance. It would also predict the cost of travelling to the concerts, stay and tickets purchased (OECD, 2011). Implementation of the information dat abase will come first because it stores a lot of information that is necessary especially to Utah opera where the executives of both organizations will not be familiar with the each other. Since the statistical information system is not vital as management information system, it would take time for it to be implemented so as to avoid errors that would occur like miscalculation (OECD, 2011). However, the earlier both of them are implemented the better so that running of the organization is smooth and efficient. The success of this merger entirely depends on the leadership of Ewers and the environment she will provide for the fellow employees. Finally, in the process of merging two or more institutions to form one unit requires more organization which includes resources, tasks and the people. Integration makes it specific merges for business, and it resembles the life cycle of a business organization. Various investors could use the theories above to merge organizations and make a success out of that. These tactics can be incorporated with ease in the persuasion and integration processes. Prior to merging businesses to form one business organization, all parties should take time and research on the business they want to venture into. At the same time, they need to know the organization they are merging with, and all the documentation put into place to avoid future controversies that may arise due to misunderstanding among the organizations involved. 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Need to summarise and paraphrase in own words Essay

Need to summarise and paraphrase in own words - Essay Example Even though the two sources overlap, they differ in focus as social science evaluates social processes and structures while nursing concentrates on the dearth of men in nursing and recruitment and retention approaches. Additionally, social science asserts that male nurses experience difficulties in their profession while nursing opposes this assertion. According to the author, historically, men were greatly involved in nursing in war and during the monastic movement. But in the 19th Century, Florence Nightingale introduced reforms in training based on the perception of women as being biologically endowed in caring and nurturing which saw men being replaced by women in nursing as men solely took up combat roles. The challenges that men face in nursing include cultural norms that makes people in other professions to discriminate against them. In addition, the support from supervisors, clients and colleagues and the discrimination from outsiders considering them as feminised males also present a challenge. Therefore, male nurses adopt labour practices that would shield them from stereotypic segregation. Despite these discriminative aspects, the researcher notes that men would not experience prejudice or discrimination in female-dominated occupations as would females in male-dominated occupations. Their minority representation advantages them for promotion as opposed to hindering them. The discrimination in hiring places them at an advantaged context as female-dominated specialties have been noted to attract more males. Sexist attitudes hinder females from breaking the invisible barriers for promotions to highest

Contrast Frank Lloyd Wright's Organic architecure and Le Corbusier's Essay

Contrast Frank Lloyd Wright's Organic architecure and Le Corbusier's International style of architecture in the 20th century - Essay Example Wright has taken the opportunity to guide and advise the architectural community on the importance of following the laws of nature on building procedures and main architectural styles. In his speech, he stated that organic architecture is the ideal form of designs that should be the trend in revolutionizing architecture and other building policies. He categorically explained that following the tradition and allowing it to spin into new building architectural designs. Modern architectures have taken on organic architecture concepts to develop new architectural designs. There structural designs are detailed and based on the environmental form and the surroundings of the buildings. Wright designed and implemented the building of the Winslow House in Illinois. Thereafter, he has had several other designs under his name. The Falling Water and Solomon Guggenheim Museums are some of his most celebrated designs the world over. Architectures can easily use new concrete formations to create ne w designs that are not linear or following a particular geometric dimension. The main design features allow for implementation of primitives such as wavy lines or contours which are not the traditional design primitives. The usual design primitives are normally geometrical and are widely used in architectural designs all over. Organic designs are flexible and easily adaptable to the environment. They are not easy to implement and many architectures have not adopted for its use. Wright’s design helped in the formulation of a new language that has been widely applied to architecture. He created a new design referred to as Prairie Style. This style was majorly affected by the way he utilized the spacing provided for the building. His main characteristic design was the freestanding house design that he covered by an overhanging roofing design. In the style he developed a plan to build a chimney in the middle of the house. Wright developed a plan to for a house that utilized a lot of open space that had been separated by from each other by simple architectural tools. The Prairie had a sloping roof that could be used to hold household items. The Style is mainly suitable for domestic home's architecture. The plan steered away from using walls and doors instead of the usual petitions (Frank Lloyd paragraph 3). The planning strategy was referred to as the open blueprint or plan. The selling point in this plan was the integration of nature with actual buildings. The concept of organic architecture is an essential conservatory strategy as it emphasizes on the preservation of the environment around buildings and main architectures. The use of organisms as part of a design was to inspire harmony of the two and relate them as a single unit. The design categories are made according to the defined functions of the organisms to be used. Wright's building designs emphasize the coexistence of the building designs and the organisms. Either of the two dictates the whole com plete design of a building. A design is complete with the implementation of both the designs, of the building and the organism in the surrounding. Le Corbusier International Architectural designs Le Corbusier was born and grew up in Switzerland before moving to France at the age of 29. He was passionate about architecture and had a notion that the designs that were present at that time were uninspiring.

Art in America - Abstract Expressionism Research Paper

Art in America - Abstract Expressionism - Research Paper Example The paper "Art in America - Abstract Expressionism" investigates the important style of American style, abstract expressionism. The movement was unregistered but strong. Some of its members included: Jackson Pollock (1912–1956), Willem de Kooning (1904–1997), Franz Kline (1910–1962), Lee Krasner (1908–1984), Robert Motherwell (1915–1991), William Baziotes (1912–1963), Mark Rothko (1903–1970), Barnett Newman (1905–1970), Adolph Gottlieb (1903–1974), Richard Pousette-Dart (1916–1992), Clyfford Still (1904–1980). All these members were committed to the audacious formal inventions in searching for significant substance. Their objective was to break away from normal subject matter and technical conventions. Their artistic works included head stoned scales works that were created to reflect their personal psyches. Doing this helped them to tap into worldwide inner sources. These artists attributed a lot of importa nce to spontaneity and improvisation as process accorded the highest significance. Their works resisted stylistic classifications, but emphasised on dynamism and energetic gesture rather than reflective and cerebral focus on color. Abstracts acted primarily as their imageries. Highly abstracted modern art was favored by the group even when depicting images founded on visual realities. Abstract expressionism is not a specific style within abstract art, but an American group or artists rebelled and formed an independent group which would give them a favorable environment.